The searchable database below currently contains 312 articles1 from 174 distinct journals. Of these:
- 280 are applied, while 32 are instructional2; 203 open access, 109 not open; 163 in main text, 149 in a supplementary file
- 154 used DAGitty to produce published causal diagram, 158 used other software
- Number of variables or nodes in causal diagrams: Min: 3, Max: 41, Median: 11
| Authors | Year | Title | Journal Subject | Causal Diagram Exposure | Causal Diagram Outcome | Access | Number of Variables/ Nodes | Journal | Volume | Number | Page range | Type | Citation | DOI | Causal Diagram Location | Includes Combined Variables | Software | Notes | Exposure subject | Outcome subject | Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Åkerstedt T, Ghilotti F, Grotta A, Bellavia A, Lagerros YT, Bellocco R. | 2017 | Sleep duration, mortality and the influence of age | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | sleep duration | mortality | Open access | 15 | European Journal of Epidemiology | 32 | 10 | 881–891 | Applied | Åkerstedt T, Ghilotti F, Grotta A, Bellavia A, Lagerros YT, Bellocco R. Sleep duration, mortality and the influence of age. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2017;32:881–91. doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0297-0. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0297-0 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | sleep | death | ||
| Al-Harbi F, El Tantawi M. | 2017 | Normative prosthodontic care need: does it impact the daily life of young Saudis with high level of oral diseases? A cross sectional study | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | untreated decay; need for periodontal care; need for prosthodontic care | need for prosthodontic care; effect on daily life | Open access | 18 | BMC Oral Health | 17 | 1 | 128 | Applied | Al-Harbi F, El Tantawi M. Normative prosthodontic care need: does it impact the daily life of young Saudis with high level of oral diseases? A cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:128. doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0418-x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0418-x | Main text | No | DAGitty | dentistry | dentistry | ||
| Allison RM, Birken CS, Lebovic G, Howard AW, L'Abbe MR, Morency M-E, Maguire JL. | 2020 | Consumption of Cow's Milk in Early Childhood and Fracture Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | volume of cow’s milk consumed; fat percentage of cow’s milk consumed | childhood bone fracture | Open access | 4 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 189 | 2 | 146–155 | Applied | Allison RM, Birken CS, Lebovic G, Howard AW, L'Abbe MR, Morency M-E, Maguire JL. Consumption of Cow's Milk in Early Childhood and Fracture Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;189:146–55. doi:10.1093/aje/kwz216. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz216 | Main text | Yes | Other | diet | injury | ||
| Andersen K, Mariosa D, Adami H-O, Held C, Ingelsson E, Lagerros YT, et al. | 2014 | Dose-response relationship of total and leisure time physical activity to risk of heart failure: a prospective cohort study | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | physical activity | heart failure | Open access | 16 | Circulation: Heart failure | 7 | 5 | 701–708 | Applied | Andersen K, Mariosa D, Adami H-O, Held C, Ingelsson E, Lagerros YT, et al. Dose-response relationship of total and leisure time physical activity to risk of heart failure: a prospective cohort study. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7:701–8. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.001010. | http://www.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.001010 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | physical activity | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Andreano A, Rebora P, Valsecchi MG, Russo AG. | 2017 | Adherence to guidelines and breast cancer patients survival: a population-based cohort study analyzed with a causal inference approach | Oncology & Cancer | adherence to the clinical path | survival | Non-open access | 12 | Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | 164 | 1 | 119–131 | Applied | Andreano A, Rebora P, Valsecchi MG, Russo AG. Adherence to guidelines and breast cancer patients survival: a population-based cohort study analyzed with a causal inference approach. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;164:119–31. doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4210-z. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4210-z | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | adherence | death | ||
| Arora N, Papapanou PN, Rosenbaum M, Jacobs DR, Desvarieux M, Demmer RT. | 2014 | Periodontal infection, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: results from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010 | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | periodontal infection | pre-diabetes | Non-open access | 6 | Journal of Clinical Periodontology | 41 | 7 | 643–652 | Applied | Arora N, Papapanou PN, Rosenbaum M, Jacobs DR, Desvarieux M, Demmer RT. Periodontal infection, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: results from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41:643–52. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12258. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12258 | Main text | Yes | Other | dentistry | diabetes | ||
| Asgari MM, Warton EM, Neugebauer R, Chren M-M. | 2011 | Predictors of patient satisfaction with Mohs surgery: analysis of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors in a prospective cohort | Dermatology | many preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables | short-term satisfaction with Mohs surgery at 1 week; long-term satisfaction at 1 year | Open access | 11 | Archives of Dermatology | 147 | 12 | 1387–1394 | Applied | Asgari MM, Warton EM, Neugebauer R, Chren M-M. Predictors of patient satisfaction with Mohs surgery: analysis of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors in a prospective cohort. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147:1387–94. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.319. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2011.319 | Main text | Yes | Other | surgical procedure | patient satisfaction | ||
| Austin AE, Gest C, Atkeson A, Berkoff MC, Puls HT, Shanahan ME. | 2021 | Prenatal Substance Exposure and Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | prenatal substance exposure | child maltreatment | Non-open access | 14 | Child Maltreatment | Applied | Austin AE, Gest C, Atkeson A, Berkoff MC, Puls HT, Shanahan ME. Prenatal Substance Exposure and Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review. Child Maltreat. 2021:1077559521990116. doi:10.1177/1077559521990116. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/1077559521990116 | Main text | Yes | Other | substance abuse | child abuse | |||||
| Austin AE, Short NA. | 2020 | Sexual Violence, Mental Health, and Prescription Opioid Use and Misuse | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | sexual violence | prescription opioid use and misuse | Non-open access | 9 | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 59 | 6 | 818–827 | Applied | Austin AE, Short NA. Sexual Violence, Mental Health, and Prescription Opioid Use and Misuse. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59:818–27. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.019. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.019 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | violence | substance abuse | ||
| Baccaglini L, Schoenbach VJ, Poole C, McKaig RG, Ibrahim J, Baric RS, Wiesen C. | 2006 | Association between herpes simplex virus type 1 and Helicobacter pylori in US adolescents | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) | helicobacter pylori infection (HPP) | Non-open access | 5 | Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology | 101 | 1 | 63–69 | Applied | Baccaglini L, Schoenbach VJ, Poole C, McKaig RG, Ibrahim J, Baric RS, Wiesen C. Association between herpes simplex virus type 1 and Helicobacter pylori in US adolescents. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2006;101:63–9. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.12.018. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.12.018 | Main text | Yes | Other | infection | infection | ||
| Bach CC, Liew Z, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Fei C, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, et al. | 2015 | Perfluoroalkyl acids and time to pregnancy revisited: An update from the Danish National Birth Cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | perfluoroalkyl acid exposure | fecundability; time to pregnancy | Open access | 11 | Environmental Health | 14 | 59 | Applied | Bach CC, Liew Z, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Fei C, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, et al. Perfluoroalkyl acids and time to pregnancy revisited: An update from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environ Health. 2015;14:59. doi:10.1186/s12940-015-0040-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0040-9 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | pregnancy | |||
| Bacon K, LaValley MP, Jafarzadeh SR, Felson D. | 2020 | Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much? | Rheumatology | cartilage thickness loss | change in knee pain (over 24M) | Open access | 3 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | 79 | 8 | 1105–1110 | Applied | Bacon K, LaValley MP, Jafarzadeh SR, Felson D. Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much? Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:1105–10. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217363. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217363 | Main text | No | Other | osteoarthritis | pain | ||
| Badland H, Milner A, Roberts R, Giles-Corti B. | 2017 | Are Area-Level Measures of Employment Associated with Health Behaviours and Outcomes? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | local employment; mode access to employment | self-rated health | Non-open access | 12 | Social Indicators Research | 134 | 1 | 237–251 | Applied | Badland H, Milner A, Roberts R, Giles-Corti B. Are Area-Level Measures of Employment Associated with Health Behaviours and Outcomes? Soc Indic Res. 2017;134:237–51. doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1417-z. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1417-z | Main text | No | DAGitty | employment | general health | ||
| Bahls M, Groß S, Ittermann T, Busch R, Gläser S, Ewert R, et al. | 2017 | Statins are related to impaired exercise capacity in males but not females | Multidisciplinary | statin usage | cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) | Open access | 12 | PLOS ONE | 12 | 6 | e0179534 | Applied | Bahls M, Groß S, Ittermann T, Busch R, Gläser S, Ewert R, et al. Statins are related to impaired exercise capacity in males but not females. PLOS ONE. 2017;12:e0179534. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179534. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179534 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | use of drug | physical activity | ||
| Bandoli G, Palmsten K, Flores KF, Chambers CD. | 2016 | Constructing Causal Diagrams for Common Perinatal Outcomes: Benefits, Limitations and Motivating Examples with Maternal Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | maternal antidepressants | spontaneous abortion; major structural malformations; preterm birth; postnatal growth | Non-open access | 15 | Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology | 30 | 5 | 521–528 | Instructional | Bandoli G, Palmsten K, Flores KF, Chambers CD. Constructing Causal Diagrams for Common Perinatal Outcomes: Benefits, Limitations and Motivating Examples with Maternal Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2016;30:521–8. doi:10.1111/ppe.12302. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12302 | Main text | Yes | Other | use of drug | perinatal | ||
| Beck AF, Huang B, Auger KA, Ryan PH, Chen C, Kahn RS. | 2016 | Explaining Racial Disparities in Child Asthma Readmission Using a Causal Inference Approach | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | race | readmission | Open access | 13 | JAMA Pediatrics | 170 | 7 | 695–703 | Applied | Beck AF, Huang B, Auger KA, Ryan PH, Chen C, Kahn RS. Explaining Racial Disparities in Child Asthma Readmission Using a Causal Inference Approach. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170:695–703. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0269. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0269 | Main text | Yes | Other | ethnicity | hospital readmission | ||
| Benson TE, Gaml-Sørensen A, Ernst A, Brix N, Hougaard KS, Hærvig KK, et al. | 2021 | Urinary Bisphenol A, F and S Levels and Semen Quality in Young Adult Danish Men | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | urinary bisphenol | semen quality | Open access | 13 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 18 | 4 | Applied | Benson TE, Gaml-Sørensen A, Ernst A, Brix N, Hougaard KS, Hærvig KK, et al. Urinary Bisphenol A, F and S Levels and Semen Quality in Young Adult Danish Men. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021. doi:10.3390/ijerph18041742. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041742 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | sexual health | |||
| Bernardi JR, Pinheiro TV, Mueller NT, Goldani HAS, Gutierrez MRP, Bettiol H, et al. | 2015 | Cesarean delivery and metabolic risk factors in young adults: a Brazilian birth cohort study | Nutrition & Dietetics | cesarean section | metabolic outcomes | Open access | 12 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 102 | 2 | 295–301 | Applied | Bernardi JR, Pinheiro TV, Mueller NT, Goldani HAS, Gutierrez MRP, Bettiol H, et al. Cesarean delivery and metabolic risk factors in young adults: a Brazilian birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102:295–301. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.105205. | http://www.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105205 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | metabolic disorder | ||
| Birungi N, Fadnes LT, Kasangaki A, Nankabirwa V, Okullo I, Lie SA, et al. | 2017 | Assessing causal effects of early life-course factors on early childhood caries in 5-year-old Ugandan children using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs): A prospective cohort study | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | early life-course factors | early childhood caries | Open access | 12 | Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology | 45 | 6 | 512–521 | Applied | Birungi N, Fadnes LT, Kasangaki A, Nankabirwa V, Okullo I, Lie SA, et al. Assessing causal effects of early life-course factors on early childhood caries in 5-year-old Ugandan children using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs): A prospective cohort study. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2017;45:512–21. doi:10.1111/cdoe.12314. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12314 | Main text | No | DAGitty | risk factors | dentistry | ||
| Blais L, Kettani F-Z, Forget A, Beauchesne M-F, Lemière C, Rey E. | 2018 | Long-Acting β2-Agonists and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Cohort Study | Immunology and Allergy | exposure to long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) | hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) | Non-open access | 5 | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice | 6 | 2 | 555-561.e2 | Applied | Blais L, Kettani F-Z, Forget A, Beauchesne M-F, Lemière C, Rey E. Long-Acting β2-Agonists and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6:555-561.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.004. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.004 | Supplementary | No | Other | use of drug | blood pressure | ||
| Blighe K, Chawes BL, Kelly RS, Mirzakhani H, McGeachie M, Litonjua AA, et al. | 2017 | Vitamin D prenatal programming of childhood metabolomics profiles at age 3 y | Nutrition & Dietetics | maternal pre- and post-supplement vitamin D concentrations | children’s metabolomics profile cluster membership | Open access | 8 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 106 | 4 | 1092–1099 | Applied | Blighe K, Chawes BL, Kelly RS, Mirzakhani H, McGeachie M, Litonjua AA, et al. Vitamin D prenatal programming of childhood metabolomics profiles at age 3 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:1092–9. doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.158220. | http://www.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.158220 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | vitamin D | metabolic disorder | ||
| Blom MC, Landin-Olsson M, Lindsten M, Jonsson F, Ivarsson K. | 2015 | Patients presenting at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain are less likely to be admitted to inpatient wards at times of access block: a registry study | Emergency Medicine | in hospital bed occupancy | hospital admission; unplanned 3 day revisit | Open access | 27 | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | 23 | 78 | Applied | Blom MC, Landin-Olsson M, Lindsten M, Jonsson F, Ivarsson K. Patients presenting at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain are less likely to be admitted to inpatient wards at times of access block: a registry study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2015;23:78. doi:10.1186/s13049-015-0158-3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0158-3 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | hospital bed occupancy | hospitalisation | |||
| Blomberg H, Svennblad B, Michaelsson K, Byberg L, Johansson J, Gedeborg R. | 2013 | Prehospital trauma life support training of ambulance caregivers and the outcomes of traffic-injury victims in Sweden | Surgery & Transplantation | Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) educational program | mortality | Non-open access | 16 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons | 217 | 6 | 1010-9.e1-2 | Applied | Blomberg H, Svennblad B, Michaelsson K, Byberg L, Johansson J, Gedeborg R. Prehospital trauma life support training of ambulance caregivers and the outcomes of traffic-injury victims in Sweden. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;217:1010-9.e1-2. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.08.002. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.08.002 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | education | death | ||
| Bodén R, Molin E, Jernberg T, Kieler H, Lindahl B, Sundström J. | 2015 | Higher mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with severe mental illness: a nationwide cohort study | Multidisciplinary | severe mental illness (SMI) | post-myocardial infarction (MI) death | Open access | 13 | Journal of Internal Medicine | 277 | 6 | 727–736 | Applied | Bodén R, Molin E, Jernberg T, Kieler H, Lindahl B, Sundström J. Higher mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with severe mental illness: a nationwide cohort study. J Intern Med. 2015;277:727–36. doi:10.1111/joim.12329. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12329 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | mental illness | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Boyle T, Fritschi L, Kobayashi LC, Heyworth JS, Lee DG, Si S, et al. | 2016 | Sedentary work and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a pooled analysis of two case-control studies | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | years worked in a sedentary occupation | breast cancer | Non-open access | 21 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 73 | 11 | 735–741 | Applied | Boyle T, Fritschi L, Kobayashi LC, Heyworth JS, Lee DG, Si S, et al. Sedentary work and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a pooled analysis of two case-control studies. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73:735–41. doi:10.1136/oemed-2015-103537. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-103537 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | physical activity | cancer | ||
| Boyle T, Gallagher RP, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Le ND, Spinelli JJ. | 2015 | Lifetime physical activity and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Oncology & Cancer | Lifetime physical activity | non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Open access | 13 | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | 24 | 5 | 873–877 | Applied | Boyle T, Gallagher RP, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Le ND, Spinelli JJ. Lifetime physical activity and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24:873–7. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1303. | http://www.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1303 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | physical activity | cancer | ||
| Braake AD ter, Govers LP, Peeters MJ, van Zuilen AD, Wetzels JFM, Blankenstijn PJ, et al. | 2021 | Low plasma magnesium concentration and future abdominal aortic calcifications in moderate chronic kidney disease | Urology & Nephrology | plasma magnesium concentration | abdominal aortic calcifications | Open access | 10 | BMC Nephrology | 22 | 1 | 71 | Applied | Braake AD ter, Govers LP, Peeters MJ, van Zuilen AD, Wetzels JFM, Blankenstijn PJ, et al. Low plasma magnesium concentration and future abdominal aortic calcifications in moderate chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22:71. doi:10.1186/s12882-021-02267-4. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12882-021-02267-4 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | metabolic disorder | kidney dsease | ||
| Brew B, Gibberd A, Marks GB, Strobel N, Allen CW, Jorm L, et al. | 2021 | Identifying preventable risk factors for hospitalised asthma in young Aboriginal children: a whole-population cohort study | Respiratory System | preventable risk factors | hospitalised asthma | Non-open access | 15 | Thorax | 76 | 6 | 539–546 | Applied | Brew B, Gibberd A, Marks GB, Strobel N, Allen CW, Jorm L, et al. Identifying preventable risk factors for hospitalised asthma in young Aboriginal children: a whole-population cohort study. Thorax. 2021;76:539–46. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216189. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216189 | Supplementary | No | Other | risk factors | asthma | ||
| Brew B, Inder K, Allen J, Thomas M, Kelly B. | 2016 | The health and wellbeing of Australian farmers: a longitudinal cohort study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | farming | mental health outcomes; physical health outcomes | Open access | 13 | BMC Public Health | 16 | 1 | 988 | Applied | Brew B, Inder K, Allen J, Thomas M, Kelly B. The health and wellbeing of Australian farmers: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:988. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3664-y. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3664-y | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | farming | mental illness | ||
| Brewer LE, Wright JM, Rice G, Neas L, Teuschler L. | 2017 | Causal inference in cumulative risk assessment: The roles of directed acyclic graphs | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | ammonia or hydrogen sulfide exposure | chronic bronchitis | Open access | 13 | Environment International | 102 | 30–41 | Instructional | Brewer LE, Wright JM, Rice G, Neas L, Teuschler L. Causal inference in cumulative risk assessment: The roles of directed acyclic graphs. Environ Int. 2017;102:30–41. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.005. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.005 | Main text | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | respiratory | |||
| Brokamp C, Beck AF, Goyal NK, Ryan P, Greenberg JM, Hall ES. | 2019 | Material community deprivation and hospital utilization during the first year of life: an urban population-based cohort study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | material community deprivation | hospitalization | Non-open access | 14 | Annals of Epidemiology | 30 | 37–43 | Applied | Brokamp C, Beck AF, Goyal NK, Ryan P, Greenberg JM, Hall ES. Material community deprivation and hospital utilization during the first year of life: an urban population-based cohort study. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;30:37–43. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.11.008. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.11.008 | Main text | No | Other | socioeconomic status | hospitalisation | |||
| Buckley JP, Engel SM, Mendez MA, Richardson DB, Daniels JL, Calafat AM, et al. | 2016 | Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Childhood Fat Mass in a New York City Cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | prenatal phthalate exposures | child fat mass | Open access | 16 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 124 | 4 | 507–513 | Applied | Buckley JP, Engel SM, Mendez MA, Richardson DB, Daniels JL, Calafat AM, et al. Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Childhood Fat Mass in a New York City Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2016;124:507–13. doi:10.1289/ehp.1509788. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509788 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | body mass | ||
| Burkill S, Waterhouse P, Pazzagli L. | 2021 | The association between family structure and children's BMI over time-the mediating role of income | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | family structure | child's BMI | Non-open access | 4 | Annals of Epidemiology | 55 | 83-90.e1 | Applied | Burkill S, Waterhouse P, Pazzagli L. The association between family structure and children's BMI over time-the mediating role of income. Ann Epidemiol. 2021;55:83-90.e1. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.10.007. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.10.007 | Main text | No | Other | social factors | body mass | |||
| Busert LK, Neuman M, Rehfuess EA, Dulal S, Harthan J, Chaube SS, et al. | 2016 | Dietary Diversity Is Positively Associated with Deviation from Expected Height in Rural Nepal | Nutrition & Dietetics | dietary diversity | conditional growth (deviation from the expected height-for-age difference) | Open access | 19 | Journal of Nutrition | 146 | 7 | 1387–1393 | Applied | Busert LK, Neuman M, Rehfuess EA, Dulal S, Harthan J, Chaube SS, et al. Dietary Diversity Is Positively Associated with Deviation from Expected Height in Rural Nepal. J Nutr. 2016;146:1387–93. doi:10.3945/jn.115.220137. | http://www.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.220137 | Supplementary | No | Other | diet | height | ||
| Byberg KK, Eide GE, Forman MR, Júlíusson PB, Øymar K. | 2016 | Body mass index and physical activity in early childhood are associated with atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and asthma in later childhood | Immunology and Allergy | child anthropometrics | atopy | Open access | 20 | Clinical and Translational Allergy | 6 | 1 | 33 | Applied | Byberg KK, Eide GE, Forman MR, Júlíusson PB, Øymar K. Body mass index and physical activity in early childhood are associated with atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and asthma in later childhood. Clin Transl Allergy. 2016;6:33. doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0124-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13601-016-0124-9 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | anthropometrics | allergy | ||
| Camelo LV, Giatti L, Chor D, Griep RH, Benseñor IM, Santos IS, et al. | 2015 | Associations of life course socioeconomic position and job stress with carotid intima-media thickness. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | life course socioeconomic position | subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood | Non-open access | 7 | Social Science & Medicine | 141 | 91–99 | Applied | Camelo LV, Giatti L, Chor D, Griep RH, Benseñor IM, Santos IS, et al. Associations of life course socioeconomic position and job stress with carotid intima-media thickness. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Soc Sci Med. 2015;141:91–9. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.032. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.032 | Main text | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | cardiovascular disease | |||
| Campbell C, Douglas A, Williams L, Cezard G, Brewster DH, Buchanan D, et al. | 2020 | Are there ethnic and religious variations in uptake of bowel cancer screening? A retrospective cohort study among 1.7 million people in Scotland | Multidisciplinary | ethnicity | bowel screening uptake | Open access | 9 | BMJ Open | 10 | 10 | e037011 | Applied | Campbell C, Douglas A, Williams L, Cezard G, Brewster DH, Buchanan D, et al. Are there ethnic and religious variations in uptake of bowel cancer screening? A retrospective cohort study among 1.7 million people in Scotland. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e037011. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037011. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037011 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | ethnicity | cancer screening | ||
| Carlson KF, Gerberich SG, Church TR, Ryan AD, Alexander BH, Mongin SJ, et al. | 2005 | Tractor-related injuries: a population-based study of a five-state region in the Midwest | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | risk factors | tractor-related injuries | Non-open access | 9 | American Journal of Industrial Medicine | 47 | 3 | 254–264 | Applied | Carlson KF, Gerberich SG, Church TR, Ryan AD, Alexander BH, Mongin SJ, et al. Tractor-related injuries: a population-based study of a five-state region in the Midwest. Am J Ind Med. 2005;47:254–64. doi:10.1002/ajim.20135. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20135 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | injury | ||
| Carslake D, Tynelius P, van den Berg GJ, Davey Smith G. | 2019 | Associations of parental age with offspring all-cause and cause-specific adult mortality | Multidisciplinary | parental age and offspring date of birth | mortality | Open access | 7 | Scientific Reports | 9 | 1 | 17097 | Applied | Carslake D, Tynelius P, van den Berg GJ, Davey Smith G. Associations of parental age with offspring all-cause and cause-specific adult mortality. Scientific Reports. 2019;9:17097. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52853-8. | http://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52853-8 | Main text | No | Other | age | death | ||
| Casas M, Forns J, Martínez D, Avella-García C, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gómez A, et al. | 2015 | Exposure to bisphenol A during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development in the INMA-Sabadell cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) | child neuropsychological development | Non-open access | 15 | Environmental Research | 142 | 671–679 | Applied | Casas M, Forns J, Martínez D, Avella-García C, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gómez A, et al. Exposure to bisphenol A during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development in the INMA-Sabadell cohort. Environ Res. 2015;142:671–9. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.024. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.024 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | cognitive function | |||
| Chan DJ, Furner V, Smith DE, Dronavalli M, Bopage RI, Post JJ, Bhardwaj AK. | 2018 | Non-AIDS complexity amongst patients living with HIV in Sydney: risk factors and health outcomes | Immunology and Allergy | risk factors | HIV adverse health outcomes: CD4 count, genotypic resistance, hospital admission, ART adherence and co-morbidity score | Open access | 16 | AIDS Research and Therapy | 15 | 1 | 6 | Applied | Chan DJ, Furner V, Smith DE, Dronavalli M, Bopage RI, Post JJ, Bhardwaj AK. Non-AIDS complexity amongst patients living with HIV in Sydney: risk factors and health outcomes. AIDS Res Ther. 2018;15:6. doi:10.1186/s12981-018-0193-z. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-018-0193-z | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | HIV | ||
| Chandee T, Lyons VH, Vavilala MS, Krishnamoorthy V, Chaikittisilpa N, Watanitanon A, Lele AV. | 2017 | Critical Care Resource Utilization and Outcomes of Children With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury | Critical Care Medicine | Age; Male; ED GCS; Injury Severity Score (ISS); Injury polytrauma; Injury hypotension | discharge to hospice, skilled nursing facility, long-term acute care, or death | Non-open access | 12 | Pediatric Critical Care Medicine | 18 | 12 | 1166–1174 | Applied | Chandee T, Lyons VH, Vavilala MS, Krishnamoorthy V, Chaikittisilpa N, Watanitanon A, Lele AV. Critical Care Resource Utilization and Outcomes of Children With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18:1166–74. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001350. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001350 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | injury | death | ||
| Chattopadhyay A, Kumar JV, Green EL. | 2003 | The New York State Minority Health Survey: determinants of oral health care utilization | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | dental insurance status | visit to dentist | Non-open access | 10 | Journal of Public Health Dentistry | 63 | 3 | 158–165 | Applied | Chattopadhyay A, Kumar JV, Green EL. The New York State Minority Health Survey: determinants of oral health care utilization. J Public Health Dent. 2003;63:158–65. doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03494.x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03494.x | Main text | No | Other | insurance | dentistry | ||
| Chiolero A, Paradis G, Kaufman JS. | 2014 | Assessing the possible direct effect of birth weight on childhood blood pressure: a sensitivity analysis | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | birth weight | blood pressure | Open access | 6 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 179 | 1 | 4–11 | Applied | Chiolero A, Paradis G, Kaufman JS. Assessing the possible direct effect of birth weight on childhood blood pressure: a sensitivity analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2014;179:4–11. doi:10.1093/aje/kwt228. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt228 | Main text | Yes | Other | birth | blood pressure | ||
| Chitnis AS, Aparasu RR, Chen H, Kunik ME, Schulz PE, Johnson ML. | 2016 | Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Risk of Dementia in Heart Failure | Geriatrics, Gerontology & Aging | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use | diagnosis of dementia | Open access | 5 | American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias | 31 | 5 | 395–404 | Applied | Chitnis AS, Aparasu RR, Chen H, Kunik ME, Schulz PE, Johnson ML. Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Risk of Dementia in Heart Failure. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2016;31:395–404. doi:10.1177/1533317515618799. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/1533317515618799 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | dementia | ||
| Chong S, Mazumdar S, Ding D, Morgan G, Comino EJ, Bauman A, Jalaludin B. | 2019 | Neighbourhood greenspace and physical activity and sedentary behaviour among older adults with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a prospective analysis | Multidisciplinary | neighbourhood greenspace | physical activity and sitting | Open access | 7 | BMJ Open | 9 | 11 | e028947 | Applied | Chong S, Mazumdar S, Ding D, Morgan G, Comino EJ, Bauman A, Jalaludin B. Neighbourhood greenspace and physical activity and sedentary behaviour among older adults with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a prospective analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e028947. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028947. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028947 | Main text | Yes | Other | greenness of environment | physical activity | ||
| Chung RY-N, Chung GK-K, Gordon D, Mak JK-L, Zhang L-F, Chan D, et al. | 2020 | Housing affordability effects on physical and mental health: household survey in a population with the world's greatest housing affordability stress | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | housing affordability | physical and mental health status | Open access | 4 | Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health | 74 | 2 | 164–172 | Applied | Chung RY-N, Chung GK-K, Gordon D, Mak JK-L, Zhang L-F, Chan D, et al. Housing affordability effects on physical and mental health: household survey in a population with the world's greatest housing affordability stress. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2020;74:164–72. doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212286. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212286 | Main text | Yes | Other | price | mental illness | ||
| Cirillo M, Cavallo P, Zulli E, Villa R, Veneziano R, Costanzo S, et al. | 2021 | Sodium Intake and Proteinuria/Albuminuria in the Population-Observational, Cross-Sectional Study | Nutrition & Dietetics | Sodium Intake | Proteinuria/Albuminuria | Open access | 21 | Nutrients | 13 | 4 | 1255 | Applied | Cirillo M, Cavallo P, Zulli E, Villa R, Veneziano R, Costanzo S, et al. Sodium Intake and Proteinuria/Albuminuria in the Population-Observational, Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021;13:1255. doi:10.3390/nu13041255. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041255 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | diet | urine test result | ||
| Coelho SJDC, Simões VMF, Batista RFL, Ribeiro CCC, Lamy ZC, Lamy-Filho F, et al. | 2021 | Birth by cesarean section and mood disorders among adolescents of a birth cohort study in northern Brazil | Multidisciplinary | childbirth type | mood disorder in adolescence | Open access | 19 | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research | 54 | 1 | e10285 | Applied | Coelho SJDC, Simões VMF, Batista RFL, Ribeiro CCC, Lamy ZC, Lamy-Filho F, et al. Birth by cesarean section and mood disorders among adolescents of a birth cohort study in northern Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021;54:e10285. doi:10.1590/1414-431X202010285. | http://www.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X202010285 | Main text | No | DAGitty | birth | mood disorder | ||
| Cook NR, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA. | 2009 | Mammographic screening and risk factors for breast cancer | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | screening mammography | breast cancer | Open access | 5 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 170 | 11 | 1422–1432 | Applied | Cook NR, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA. Mammographic screening and risk factors for breast cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2009;170:1422–32. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp304. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp304 | Main text | Yes | Other | cancer screening | cancer | ||
| Cook NR. | 2013 | Salt: How much less should we eat for health?: Understanding the recent IOM report | Multidisciplinary | sodium intake | cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Open access | 8 | Significance | 10 | 5 | 6–10 | Applied | Cook NR. Salt: How much less should we eat for health?: Understanding the recent IOM report. Significance. 2013;10:6–10. doi:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2013.00689.x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2013.00689.x | Main text | No | DAGitty | diet | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Cowell WJ, Brunst KJ, Malin AJ, Coull BA, Gennings C, Kloog I, et al. | 2019 | Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 and Cardiac Vagal Tone during Infancy: Findings from a Multiethnic Birth Cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | maternal PM2.5 exposure | infant respiration-corrected respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSAc) | Open access | 15 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 127 | 10 | 107007 | Applied | Cowell WJ, Brunst KJ, Malin AJ, Coull BA, Gennings C, Kloog I, et al. Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 and Cardiac Vagal Tone during Infancy: Findings from a Multiethnic Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2019;127:107007. doi:10.1289/EHP4434. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/EHP4434 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | air pollution | respiratory | ||
| Cunha Figueiredo AC, Trujillo J, Freitas-Vilela AA, Franco-Sena AB, Rebelo F, Cunha GM, et al. | 2017 | Association between plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy in a prospective cohort of Brazilian women | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | vitamin D concentrations | depressive symptoms | Non-open access | 19 | Journal of Psychiatric Research | 95 | 1–8 | Applied | Cunha Figueiredo AC, Trujillo J, Freitas-Vilela AA, Franco-Sena AB, Rebelo F, Cunha GM, et al. Association between plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy in a prospective cohort of Brazilian women. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;95:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.009. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.009 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | vitamin D | depression | |||
| Cunningham R, Sarfati D, Stanley J, Peterson D, Collings S. | 2015 | Cancer survival in the context of mental illness: a national cohort study | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | mental illness | cancer survival | Open access | 10 | General Hospital Psychiatry | 37 | 6 | 501–506 | Applied | Cunningham R, Sarfati D, Stanley J, Peterson D, Collings S. Cancer survival in the context of mental illness: a national cohort study. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2015;37:501–6. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.003. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.003 | Main text | Yes | Other | mental illness | death | ||
| Curran EA, Kenny LC, Dalman C, Kearney PM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Khashan AS. | 2017 | Birth by caesarean section and school performance in Swedish adolescents- a population-based study | Obstetrics & Gynecology | birth by caesarean section | school performance | Open access | 13 | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | 17 | 1 | 121 | Applied | Curran EA, Kenny LC, Dalman C, Kearney PM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Khashan AS. Birth by caesarean section and school performance in Swedish adolescents- a population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:121. doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1304-x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1304-x | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | academic achievement | ||
| Curran EA, Khashan AS, Dalman C, Kenny LC, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Kearney PM. | 2016 | Obstetric mode of delivery and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a sibling-matched study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | obstetric mode of delivery | attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | Open access | 18 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 45 | 2 | 532–542 | Applied | Curran EA, Khashan AS, Dalman C, Kenny LC, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Kearney PM. Obstetric mode of delivery and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a sibling-matched study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2016;45:532–42. doi:10.1093/ije/dyw001. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw001 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | ADHD | ||
| Dahl JS, Møller JE, Videbæk L, Poulsen MK, Rudbæk TR, Pellikka PA, et al. | 2012 | Plasma fibulin-1 is linked to restrictive filling of the left ventricle and to mortality in patients with aortic valve stenosis | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | plasma fibulin-1 | cardiovascular (CV) mortality | Open access | 14 | Journal of the American Heart Association | 1 | 6 | e003889 | Applied | Dahl JS, Møller JE, Videbæk L, Poulsen MK, Rudbæk TR, Pellikka PA, et al. Plasma fibulin-1 is linked to restrictive filling of the left ventricle and to mortality in patients with aortic valve stenosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e003889. doi:10.1161/JAHA.112.003889. | http://www.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.003889 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | plasma fibulin-1 | death | ||
| Danaei G, García Rodríguez LA, Fernandez Cantero O, Hernán MA. | 2013 | Statins and risk of diabetes: an analysis of electronic medical records to evaluate possible bias due to differential survival | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | statin therapy at baseline | diabetes mellitus by the end of follow-up | Open access | 4 | Diabetes Care | 36 | 5 | 1236–1240 | Applied | Danaei G, García Rodríguez LA, Fernandez Cantero O, Hernán MA. Statins and risk of diabetes: an analysis of electronic medical records to evaluate possible bias due to differential survival. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1236–40. doi:10.2337/dc12-1756. | http://www.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1756 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | diabetes | ||
| de Jonge HCC, Azad K, Seward N, Kuddus A, Shaha S, Beard J, et al. | 2014 | Determinants and consequences of short birth interval in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study | Obstetrics & Gynecology | birth interval | adverse outcome pregnancy | Open access | 9 | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | 14 | 427 | Applied | de Jonge HCC, Azad K, Seward N, Kuddus A, Shaha S, Beard J, et al. Determinants and consequences of short birth interval in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:427. doi:10.1186/s12884-014-0427-6. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-014-0427-6 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | pregnancy | |||
| Devakumar D, Chaube SS, Wells JCK, Saville NM, Ayres JG, Manandhar DS, et al. | 2014 | Effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on anthropometry and blood pressure in mid-childhood in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation | anthropometry; blood pressure | Open access | 22 | Lancet Global Health | 2 | 11 | e654-e663 | Applied | Devakumar D, Chaube SS, Wells JCK, Saville NM, Ayres JG, Manandhar DS, et al. Effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on anthropometry and blood pressure in mid-childhood in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet Global Health. 2014;2:e654-e663. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70314-6. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70314-6 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | diet | blood pressure | ||
| di Giuseppe R, Kühn T, Hirche F, Buijsse B, Dierkes J, Fritsche A, et al. | 2015 | Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the EPIC-Germany case-cohort study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 | cardiovascular disease | Non-open access | 12 | European Journal of Epidemiology | 30 | 2 | 131–141 | Applied | di Giuseppe R, Kühn T, Hirche F, Buijsse B, Dierkes J, Fritsche A, et al. Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the EPIC-Germany case-cohort study. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;30:131–41. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9982-4. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9982-4 | Main text | Yes | DAGitty | soft tissue disorder | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Droitcourt C, Vittrup I, Dupuy A, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP. | 2021 | Risk of systemic infections requiring hospitalization in children with atopic dermatitis: a Danish retrospective nationwide cohort study | Dermatology | childhood atopic dermatitis | systemic infection | Non-open access | 9 | British Journal of Dermatology | 185 | 1 | 119–129 | Applied | Droitcourt C, Vittrup I, Dupuy A, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP. Risk of systemic infections requiring hospitalization in children with atopic dermatitis: a Danish retrospective nationwide cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2021;185:119–29. doi:10.1111/bjd.19825. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19825 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | allergy | infection | ||
| Dudukina E, Horváth-Puhó E, Sørensen HT, Ehrenstein V. | 2021 | Long-term risk of epilepsy, cerebral palsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children affected by a threatened abortion in utero | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | threatened abortion (TAB) in utero | epilepsy, cerebral palsy or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | Non-open access | 31 | International Journal of Epidemiology | Applied | Dudukina E, Horváth-Puhó E, Sørensen HT, Ehrenstein V. Long-term risk of epilepsy, cerebral palsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children affected by a threatened abortion in utero. International Journal of Epidemiology 2021. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab069. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab069 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | pregnancy | epilepsy | |||||
| Dupuis M, Pearl DL, Papadopoulos A. | 2019 | Evaluating factors associated with thoughts about self-harm in grade seven and ten students living in Canada | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | all other variables | thoughts about self-harm | Non-open access | 6 | Mental Health & Prevention | 13 | 50–57 | Applied | Dupuis M, Pearl DL, Papadopoulos A. Evaluating factors associated with thoughts about self-harm in grade seven and ten students living in Canada. Mental Health & Prevention. 2019;13:50–7. doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2018.12.004. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2018.12.004 | Main text | Yes | Other | risk factors | self-harm | |||
| Ellison GTH, Wet T de. | 2016 | Poverty, disability and self-reported health amongst residents and migrants in Gauteng, South Africa | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | individual- and household-level characteristics | self-reported health | Non-open access | 13 | Annals of Human Biology | 43 | 2 | 131–143 | Applied | Ellison GTH, Wet T de. Poverty, disability and self-reported health amongst residents and migrants in Gauteng, South Africa. Ann Hum Biol. 2016;43:131–43. doi:10.3109/03014460.2016.1147597. | http://www.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2016.1147597 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | general health | ||
| Emeny RT, Bidlingmaier M, Lacruz ME, Linkohr B, Peters A, Reincke M, Ladwig KH. | 2014 | Mind over hormones: sex differences in associations of well-being with IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and physical activity in the KORA-Age study | Geriatrics, Gerontology & Aging | insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and IGFBP-3 | wellbeing | Non-open access | 11 | Experimental Gerontology | 59 | 58–64 | Applied | Emeny RT, Bidlingmaier M, Lacruz ME, Linkohr B, Peters A, Reincke M, Ladwig KH. Mind over hormones: sex differences in associations of well-being with IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and physical activity in the KORA-Age study. Exp Gerontol. 2014;59:58–64. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.08.001. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.08.001 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | hormones | general health | |||
| Eriksson JW, Bodegard J, Nathanson D, Thuresson M, Nyström T, Norhammar A. | 2016 | Sulphonylurea compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin carries increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | sulfonylurea (SU) | cardiovascular disease (CVD); severe hypoglycemia | Open access | 17 | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice | 117 | 39–47 | Applied | Eriksson JW, Bodegard J, Nathanson D, Thuresson M, Nyström T, Norhammar A. Sulphonylurea compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin carries increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2016;117:39–47. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.055. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.055 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | use of drug | cardiovascular disease | |||
| Erkal S, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Alexander BH, Renier CM. | 2009 | Horse-related injuries among agricultural household members: Regional Rural Injury Study II (RRIS-II) | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | all other variables | horse-related injury | Non-open access | 10 | Journal of Rural Health | 25 | 4 | 420–427 | Applied | Erkal S, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Alexander BH, Renier CM. Horse-related injuries among agricultural household members: Regional Rural Injury Study II (RRIS-II). J Rural Health. 2009;25:420–7. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00254.x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00254.x | Supplementary | No | Other | risk factors | injury | ||
| Escobar GA, Burks D, Abate MR, Faramawi MF, Ali AT, Lyons LC, et al. | 2017 | Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Percutaneous Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy Using AngioJet in Venous and Arterial Thrombosis | Surgery & Transplantation | lysis procedure | acute kidney injury (AKI) | Non-open access | 9 | Annals of Vascular Surgery | 42 | 238–245 | Applied | Escobar GA, Burks D, Abate MR, Faramawi MF, Ali AT, Lyons LC, et al. Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Percutaneous Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy Using AngioJet in Venous and Arterial Thrombosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017;42:238–45. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2016.12.018. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2016.12.018 | Main text | No | DAGitty | surgery | kidney dsease | |||
| Etminan M, Collins GS, Mansournia MA. | 2020 | Using Causal Diagrams to Improve the Design and Interpretation of Medical Research | Respiratory System | statin use | lung-related mortality | Open access | 12 | Chest | 158 | 1S | S21-S28 | Instructional | Etminan M, Collins GS, Mansournia MA. Using Causal Diagrams to Improve the Design and Interpretation of Medical Research. Chest. 2020;158:S21-S28. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.011. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.011 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | use of drug | death | ||
| Evandt J, Oftedal B, Hjertager Krog N, Nafstad P, Schwarze PE, Marit Aasvang G. | 2017 | A Population-Based Study on Nighttime Road Traffic Noise and Insomnia | Respiratory System | road traffic noise | sleep disturbances | Open access | 8 | Sleep | 40 | 2 | Applied | Evandt J, Oftedal B, Hjertager Krog N, Nafstad P, Schwarze PE, Marit Aasvang G. A Population-Based Study on Nighttime Road Traffic Noise and Insomnia. Sleep 2017. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw055. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw055 | Main text | No | Other | noise | sleep | |||
| Evandt J, Oftedal B, Krog NH, Skurtveit S, Nafstad P, Schwarze PE, et al. | 2017 | Road traffic noise and registry based use of sleep medication | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | road traffic noise | sleep medication use | Open access | 11 | Environmental Health | 16 | 1 | 110 | Applied | Evandt J, Oftedal B, Krog NH, Skurtveit S, Nafstad P, Schwarze PE, et al. Road traffic noise and registry based use of sleep medication. Environ Health. 2017;16:110. doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0330-5. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0330-5 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | noise | sleep | ||
| Evans-Cheung TC, Campbell F, Yong J, Parslow RC, Feltbower RG. | 2019 | HbA1c values and hospital admissions in children and adolescents receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | pre-(continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)) HbA1c | HbA1c after CSII initiation; post pump hospitalisation | Non-open access | 10 | Diabetic Medicine | 36 | 1 | 88–95 | Applied | Evans-Cheung TC, Campbell F, Yong J, Parslow RC, Feltbower RG. HbA1c values and hospital admissions in children and adolescents receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. Diabet Med. 2019;36:88–95. doi:10.1111/dme.13786. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/dme.13786 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diabetes | diabetes | ||
| Feda DM, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Nachreiner NM, McGovern PM. | 2010 | Written violence policies and risk of physical assault against Minnesota educators | Health Care Sciences & Services | written violence policies | physical assault | Non-open access | 9 | Journal of Public Health Policy | 31 | 4 | 461–477 | Applied | Feda DM, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Nachreiner NM, McGovern PM. Written violence policies and risk of physical assault against Minnesota educators. J Public Health Policy. 2010;31:461–77. doi:10.1057/jphp.2010.32. | http://www.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2010.32 | Main text | No | Other | violence | violence | ||
| Ferguson TW, Tangri N. | 2016 | Identifying Potential Biases in the Nephrology Literature | Urology & Nephrology | obesity | death | Non-open access | 5 | Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease | 23 | 6 | 373–376 | Instructional | Ferguson TW, Tangri N. Identifying Potential Biases in the Nephrology Literature. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 2016;23:373–6. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.013. | http://www.doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.013 | Main text | No | DAGitty | body mass | death | ||
| Ferraro AA, Barbieri MA, Da Silva AAM, Grandi C, Cardoso VC, Stein AD, Bettiol H. | 2017 | Contributions of relative linear growth and adiposity accretion from birth to adulthood to adult hypertension | Multidisciplinary | body mass index at birth; body mass index in school age; body mass index in adulthood; length at birth; height in school age; height in adulthood | high blood pressure | Open access | 24 | Scientific Reports | 7 | 1 | 8928 | Applied | Ferraro AA, Barbieri MA, Da Silva AAM, Grandi C, Cardoso VC, Stein AD, Bettiol H. Contributions of relative linear growth and adiposity accretion from birth to adulthood to adult hypertension. Scientific Reports. 2017;7:8928. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09027-1. | http://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09027-1 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | body mass | blood pressure | ||
| Filippidis FT, Laverty AA, Hone T, Been JV, Millett C. | 2017 | Association of Cigarette Price Differentials With Infant Mortality in 23 European Union Countries | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | tobacco prices | infant mortality | Open access | 17 | JAMA Pediatrics | 171 | 11 | 1100–1106 | Applied | Filippidis FT, Laverty AA, Hone T, Been JV, Millett C. Association of Cigarette Price Differentials With Infant Mortality in 23 European Union Countries. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171:1100–6. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2536. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2536 | Supplementary | No | Other | tobacco | death | ||
| Filteau S, Rehman AM, Yousafzai A, Chugh R, Kaur M, Sachdev HPS, Trilok-Kumar G. | 2016 | Associations of vitamin D status, bone health and anthropometry, with gross motor development and performance of school-aged Indian children who were born at term with low birth weight | Multidisciplinary | vitamin D status; anthropometry; bone health | motor performance | Open access | 14 | BMJ Open | 6 | 1 | e009268 | Applied | Filteau S, Rehman AM, Yousafzai A, Chugh R, Kaur M, Sachdev HPS, Trilok-Kumar G. Associations of vitamin D status, bone health and anthropometry, with gross motor development and performance of school-aged Indian children who were born at term with low birth weight. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e009268. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009268. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009268 | Main text | Yes | DAGitty | vitamin D | child development | ||
| Fleischer NL, Diez Roux AV. | 2008 | Using directed acyclic graphs to guide analyses of neighbourhood health effects: an introduction | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | neighbourhood violence | cardiovascular disease | Open access | 7 | Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health | 62 | 9 | 842–846 | Instructional | Fleischer NL, Diez Roux AV. Using directed acyclic graphs to guide analyses of neighbourhood health effects: an introduction. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2008;62:842–6. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.067371. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.067371 | Main text | No | Other | violence | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Fleitas Alfonzo L, Bentley R, Singh A. | 2021 | Home ownership, income and oral health of children in Australia-A population-based study | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | Household income | Dental caries/Tooth loss due to dental caries | Non-open access | 4 | Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology | Applied | Fleitas Alfonzo L, Bentley R, Singh A. Home ownership, income and oral health of children in Australia-A population-based study. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2021. doi:10.1111/cdoe.12646. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12646 | Main text | Yes | Other | income | dentistry | |||||
| Fonseca JM, Silva AAM, Rocha PRH, Batista RLF, Thomaz EBAF, Lamy-Filho F, et al. | 2021 | Racial inequality in perinatal outcomes in two Brazilian birth cohorts | Multidisciplinary | maternal skin color | low birth weight; preterm birth; and intrauterine growth restriction | Open access | 15 | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research | 54 | 1 | e10120 | Applied | Fonseca JM, Silva AAM, Rocha PRH, Batista RLF, Thomaz EBAF, Lamy-Filho F, et al. Racial inequality in perinatal outcomes in two Brazilian birth cohorts. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021;54:e10120. doi:10.1590/1414-431X202010120. | http://www.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X202010120 | Main text | No | Other | ethnicity | body mass | ||
| Forthun I, Lie RT, Strandberg-Larsen K, Solheim MH, Moster D, Wilcox AJ, et al. | 2020 | Parental education and the risk of cerebral palsy for children: an evaluation of causality | Neurology | parental education | cerebral palsy | Open access | 5 | Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology | 62 | 10 | 1176–1181 | Applied | Forthun I, Lie RT, Strandberg-Larsen K, Solheim MH, Moster D, Wilcox AJ, et al. Parental education and the risk of cerebral palsy for children: an evaluation of causality. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020;62:1176–81. doi:10.1111/dmcn.14552. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14552 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | education | cerebral palsy | ||
| Frederiksen BL, Osler M, Harling H, Ladelund S, Jørgensen T. | 2009 | Do patient characteristics, disease, or treatment explain social inequality in survival from colorectal cancer? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | socioeconomic status; education; income; housing status | survival from colorectal cancer | Non-open access | 9 | Social Science & Medicine | 69 | 7 | 1107–1115 | Applied | Frederiksen BL, Osler M, Harling H, Ladelund S, Jørgensen T. Do patient characteristics, disease, or treatment explain social inequality in survival from colorectal cancer? Soc Sci Med. 2009;69:1107–15. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.040. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.040 | Main text | No | Other | socioeconomic status | death | ||
| Gagliardi L, Bellù R, Zanini R, Dammann O. | 2009 | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and brain white matter damage in the preterm infant: a complex relationship | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infant | brain white matter damage | Non-open access | 10 | Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology | 23 | 6 | 582–590 | Applied | Gagliardi L, Bellù R, Zanini R, Dammann O. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and brain white matter damage in the preterm infant: a complex relationship. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2009;23:582–90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01069.x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01069.x | Main text | No | Other | perinatal | brain damage | ||
| Gagnon J, Lussier M-T, MacGibbon B, Daskalopoulou SS, Bartlett G. | 2018 | The Impact of Antidepressant Therapy on Glycemic Control in Canadian Primary Care Patients With Diabetes Mellitus | Nutrition & Dietetics | antidepressant prescription | blood glucose | Open access | 10 | Frontiers in Nutrition | 5 | 47 | Applied | Gagnon J, Lussier M-T, MacGibbon B, Daskalopoulou SS, Bartlett G. The Impact of Antidepressant Therapy on Glycemic Control in Canadian Primary Care Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Front Nutr. 2018;5:47. doi:10.3389/fnut.2018.00047. | http://www.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00047 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | diabetes | |||
| Garcia-Aymerich J, Varraso R, Danaei G, Camargo CA, Hernán MA. | 2014 | Incidence of adult-onset asthma after hypothetical interventions on body mass index and physical activity: an application of the parametric g-formula | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | hypothetical interventions on body mass index and physical activity | adult-onset asthma | Open access | 5 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 179 | 1 | 20–26 | Applied | Garcia-Aymerich J, Varraso R, Danaei G, Camargo CA, Hernán MA. Incidence of adult-onset asthma after hypothetical interventions on body mass index and physical activity: an application of the parametric g-formula. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2014;179:20–6. doi:10.1093/aje/kwt229. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt229 | Main text | Yes | Other | physical activity | asthma | ||
| Gascon M, Casas M, Morales E, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gómez A, Luque N, et al. | 2015 | Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates and childhood respiratory tract infections and allergy | Immunology and Allergy | prenatal exposure to bisphenol A; phthalates | childhood respiratory tract infections and allergy | Open access | 18 | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | 135 | 2 | 370–378 | Applied | Gascon M, Casas M, Morales E, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gómez A, Luque N, et al. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates and childhood respiratory tract infections and allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:370–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.030. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.030 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | allergy | ||
| Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Quirós-Alcalá L, Lipsitt JM, Barr DB, Holland N, et al. | 2017 | Levels and Determinants of DDT and DDE Exposure in the VHEMBE Cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | piped water into home; washing clothes frequency; wet mopping frequency; high fat diet; eating local animal products | serum DDT and DDE level | Open access | 23 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 125 | 7 | 077006 | Applied | Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Quirós-Alcalá L, Lipsitt JM, Barr DB, Holland N, et al. Levels and Determinants of DDT and DDE Exposure in the VHEMBE Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2017;125:77006. doi:10.1289/EHP353. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/EHP353 | Supplementary | No | Other | hygiene | toxicology | ||
| Ghassemi M, Marshall J, Singh N, Stone DJ, Celi LA. | 2014 | Leveraging a critical care database: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use prior to ICU admission is associated with increased hospital mortality | Critical Care Medicine | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use prior to ICU admission | mortality | Non-open access | 10 | Chest | 145 | 4 | 745–752 | Applied | Ghassemi M, Marshall J, Singh N, Stone DJ, Celi LA. Leveraging a critical care database: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use prior to ICU admission is associated with increased hospital mortality. Chest. 2014;145:745–52. doi:10.1378/chest.13-1722. | http://www.doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-1722 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | death | ||
| Gocke C, Holtfreter B, Meisel P, Grotevendt A, Jablonowski L, Nauck M, et al. | 2014 | Abdominal obesity modifies long-term associations between periodontitis and markers of systemic inflammation | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | periodontitis | systemic inflammation | Non-open access | 13 | Atherosclerosis | 235 | 2 | 351–357 | Applied | Gocke C, Holtfreter B, Meisel P, Grotevendt A, Jablonowski L, Nauck M, et al. Abdominal obesity modifies long-term associations between periodontitis and markers of systemic inflammation. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235:351–7. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.926. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.926 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | dentistry | inflammation | ||
| Gray D, Willemse L, Visagie A, Czövek D, Nduru P, Vanker A, et al. | 2017 | Determinants of early-life lung function in African infants | Respiratory System | maternal smoking (urine cotinine) | infant lung function | Open access | 14 | Thorax | 72 | 5 | 445–450 | Applied | Gray D, Willemse L, Visagie A, Czövek D, Nduru P, Vanker A, et al. Determinants of early-life lung function in African infants. Thorax. 2017;72:445–50. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207401. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207401 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | tobacco | perinatal | ||
| Gray LEK, Ponsonby A-L, Collier F, O'Hely M, Sly PD, Ranganathan S, et al. | 2020 | Deserters on the atopic march: Risk factors, immune profile and clinical outcomes of food sensitized-tolerant infants | Immunology and Allergy | proportion of activated regulatory T cells at birth in cord blood; food allergy status | food allergy status; aeroallergen outcomes at 4 years | Non-open access | 13 | Allergy | 75 | 6 | 1404–1413 | Applied | Gray LEK, Ponsonby A-L, Collier F, O'Hely M, Sly PD, Ranganathan S, et al. Deserters on the atopic march: Risk factors, immune profile and clinical outcomes of food sensitized-tolerant infants. Allergy. 2020;75:1404–13. doi:10.1111/all.14159. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/all.14159 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | allergy | allergy | ||
| Green MJ, Popham F. | 2019 | Interpreting mutual adjustment for multiple indicators of socioeconomic position without committing mutual adjustment fallacies | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | education; occupation; income | health | Open access | 5 | BMC Public Health | 19 | 1 | 10 | Instructional | Green MJ, Popham F. Interpreting mutual adjustment for multiple indicators of socioeconomic position without committing mutual adjustment fallacies. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:10. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6364-y. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6364-y | Main text | No | Other | education | general health | ||
| Grice MM, Feda D, McGovern P, Alexander BH, McCaffrey D, Ukestad L. | 2007 | Giving birth and returning to work: the impact of work-family conflict on women's health after childbirth | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | work spilling over into the home | mental and physical health | Non-open access | 16 | Annals of Epidemiology | 17 | 10 | 791–798 | Applied | Grice MM, Feda D, McGovern P, Alexander BH, McCaffrey D, Ukestad L. Giving birth and returning to work: the impact of work-family conflict on women's health after childbirth. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:791–8. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.05.002. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.05.002 | Supplementary | No | Other | employment | mental illness | ||
| Grice MM, Gerberich SG, Alexander BH, McGovern PM, Ryan AD. | 2010 | Past violence and future work-related violence: a case-control study of Minnesota nurses | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | history of physical assault; history of non-physical violence | current work-related physical assault | Open access | 11 | Italian Journal of Public Health | 7 | 2 | 41–47 | Applied | Grice MM, Gerberich SG, Alexander BH, McGovern PM, Ryan AD. Past violence and future work-related violence: a case-control study of Minnesota nurses. Italian Journal of Public Health. 2010;7:41–7. | http://www.doi.org/ | Supplementary | No | Other | violence | violence | ||
| Grill E, Schäffler F, Huppert D, Müller M, Kapfhammer H-P, Brandt T. | 2014 | Self-efficacy beliefs are associated with visual height intolerance: a cross-sectional survey | Multidisciplinary | general self-efficacy | visual height intolerance | Open access | 10 | PLOS ONE | 9 | 12 | e116220 | Applied | Grill E, Schäffler F, Huppert D, Müller M, Kapfhammer H-P, Brandt T. Self-efficacy beliefs are associated with visual height intolerance: a cross-sectional survey. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e116220. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116220. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116220 | Main text | No | DAGitty | beliefs | nervous system | ||
| Grundy A, Cotterchio M, Kirsh VA, Nadalin V, Lightfoot N, Kreiger N. | 2017 | Rotating shift work associated with obesity in men from northeastern Ontario | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | shift work | obesity | Open access | 11 | Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice | 37 | 8 | 238–247 | Applied | Grundy A, Cotterchio M, Kirsh VA, Nadalin V, Lightfoot N, Kreiger N. Rotating shift work associated with obesity in men from northeastern Ontario. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2017;37:238–47. doi:10.24095/hpcdp.37.8.02. | http://www.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.8.02 | Main text | No | DAGitty | employment | body mass | ||
| Güil-Oumrait N, Valvi D, Garcia-Esteban R, Guxens M, Sunyer J, Torrent M, et al. | 2021 | Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Spanish adolescents | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | child adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes | Open access | 16 | Environment International | 151 | 106469 | Applied | Güil-Oumrait N, Valvi D, Garcia-Esteban R, Guxens M, Sunyer J, Torrent M, et al. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Spanish adolescents. Environ Int. 2021;151:106469. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | body mass | |||
| Guilloteau A, Abrahamowicz M, Boussari O, Jooste V, Aparicio T, Quantin C, et al. | 2021 | Impact of time-varying cumulative bevacizumab exposures on survival: re-analysis of data from randomized clinical trial in patients with metastatic colo-rectal cancer | Statistics and Research Methodology | cumulative bevacizumab exposures | survival | Open access | 9 | BMC Medical Research Methodology | 21 | 1 | 14 | Applied | Guilloteau A, Abrahamowicz M, Boussari O, Jooste V, Aparicio T, Quantin C, et al. Impact of time-varying cumulative bevacizumab exposures on survival: re-analysis of data from randomized clinical trial in patients with metastatic colo-rectal cancer. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2021;21:14. doi:10.1186/s12874-020-01202-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01202-9 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | use of drug | death | ||
| Guimarães JMN, Clarke P, Tate D, Coeli CM, Griep RH, da Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes, et al. | 2016 | Social mobility and subclinical atherosclerosis in a middle-income country: Association of intra- and inter-generational social mobility with carotid intima-media thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | social mobility | carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) | Non-open access | 6 | Social Science & Medicine | 169 | 9–17 | Applied | Guimarães JMN, Clarke P, Tate D, Coeli CM, Griep RH, da Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes, et al. Social mobility and subclinical atherosclerosis in a middle-income country: Association of intra- and inter-generational social mobility with carotid intima-media thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Soc Sci Med. 2016;169:9–17. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.021. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.021 | Main text | Yes | DAGitty | socioeconomic status | cardiovascular disease | |||
| Gunathilake R, Oldmeadow C, McEvoy M, Inder KJ, Schofield PW, Nair BR, Attia J. | 2016 | The Association Between Obesity and Cognitive Function in Older Persons: How Much Is Mediated by Inflammation, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and Hypertriglyceridemia? | Geriatrics, Gerontology & Aging | obesity | cognition in older persons (ARCS) | Open access | 14 | Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences | 71 | 12 | 1603–1608 | Applied | Gunathilake R, Oldmeadow C, McEvoy M, Inder KJ, Schofield PW, Nair BR, Attia J. The Association Between Obesity and Cognitive Function in Older Persons: How Much Is Mediated by Inflammation, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and Hypertriglyceridemia? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016;71:1603–8. doi:10.1093/gerona/glw070. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw070 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | body mass | cognitive function | ||
| Ha S, Martinez V. | 2021 | Associations between Disability and Infertility among U.S. Reproductive-Aged Women | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | disabilities | infertility; seeking infertility treatment | Open access | 13 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 18 | 6 | 3202 | Applied | Ha S, Martinez V. Associations between Disability and Infertility among U.S. Reproductive-Aged Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:3202. doi:10.3390/ijerph18063202. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063202 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | disability | infertility | ||
| Haggerty DK, Flaws JA, Li Z, Strakovsky RS. | 2021 | Phthalate exposures and one-year change in body mass index across the menopausal transition | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | urinary phthalate metabolites | change in body mass index | Non-open access | 14 | Environmental Research | 194 | 110598 | Applied | Haggerty DK, Flaws JA, Li Z, Strakovsky RS. Phthalate exposures and one-year change in body mass index across the menopausal transition. Environ Res. 2021;194:110598. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110598. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110598 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | body mass | |||
| Harris ML, Oldmeadow C, Hure A, Luu J, Loxton D, Attia J. | 2017 | Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling | Multidisciplinary | perceived stress | type 2 diabetes | Open access | 9 | PLOS ONE | 12 | 2 | e0172126 | Applied | Harris ML, Oldmeadow C, Hure A, Luu J, Loxton D, Attia J. Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling. PLOS ONE. 2017;12:e0172126. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172126. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172126 | Main text | No | Other | stress | diabetes | ||
| Harris-Adamson C, Eisen EA, Neophytou A, Kapellusch J, Garg A, Hegmann KT, et al. | 2016 | Biomechanical and psychosocial exposures are independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: assessment of confounding using causal diagrams | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | biomechanical exposure; work psychosocial factors | carpal tunnel syndrome | Non-open access | 6 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 73 | 11 | 727–734 | Applied | Harris-Adamson C, Eisen EA, Neophytou A, Kapellusch J, Garg A, Hegmann KT, et al. Biomechanical and psychosocial exposures are independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: assessment of confounding using causal diagrams. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73:727–34. doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-103634. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103634 | Main text | No | Other | social factors | injury | ||
| Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, London SJ, Magnus MC, Gademan MG, Vrijkotte TG. | 2015 | A Study on Mediation by Offspring BMI in the Association between Maternal Obesity and Child Respiratory Outcomes in the Amsterdam Born and Their Development Study Cohort | Multidisciplinary | pre-pregnancy body mass index | asthma age 7 years | Open access | 15 | PLOS ONE | 10 | 10 | e0140641 | Applied | Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, London SJ, Magnus MC, Gademan MG, Vrijkotte TG. A Study on Mediation by Offspring BMI in the Association between Maternal Obesity and Child Respiratory Outcomes in the Amsterdam Born and Their Development Study Cohort. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0140641. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140641. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140641 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | body mass | asthma | mediation analysis; | |
| Hartley M, Woolcott CG, Langley JM, Brown MM, Ashley-Martin J, Kuhle S. | 2020 | Birth by Caesarean section and otitis media in childhood: a retrospective cohort study | Multidisciplinary | birth by Caesarean section | otitis media | Open access | 12 | Scientific Reports | 10 | 1 | 5219 | Applied | Hartley M, Woolcott CG, Langley JM, Brown MM, Ashley-Martin J, Kuhle S. Birth by Caesarean section and otitis media in childhood: a retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports. 2020;10:5219. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62229-y. | http://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62229-y | Main text | Yes | Other | birth | infection | ||
| Hasan SS, Clavarino AM, Mamun AA, Kairuz T. | 2016 | Anxiety symptoms and the risk of diabetes mellitus in Australian women: evidence from 21-year follow-up | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | anxiety | diabetes mellitus | Non-open access | 13 | Public Health | 130 | 21–28 | Applied | Hasan SS, Clavarino AM, Mamun AA, Kairuz T. Anxiety symptoms and the risk of diabetes mellitus in Australian women: evidence from 21-year follow-up. Public Health. 2016;130:21–8. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.022. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.022 | Main text | No | Other | anxiety | diabetes | |||
| Herbert RD. | 2020 | Controversy and Debate on Meta-epidemiology. Paper 2: Meta-epidemiological studies of bias may themselves be biased | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | type of outcome measure | observed effect | Non-open access | 12 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology | 123 | 127–130 | Instructional | Herbert RD. Controversy and Debate on Meta-epidemiology. Paper 2: Meta-epidemiological studies of bias may themselves be biased. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2020;123:127–30. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.03.024. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.03.024 | Main text | No | DAGitty | other | other | |||
| Herich LC, Cuttini M, Croci I, Franco F, Di Lallo D, Baronciani D, et al. | 2017 | Maternal Education Is Associated with Disparities in Breastfeeding at Time of Discharge but Not at Initiation of Enteral Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | maternal aducation | breastfeeding outcomes | Non-open access | 16 | Journal of Pediatrics | 182 | 59-65.e7 | Applied | Herich LC, Cuttini M, Croci I, Franco F, Di Lallo D, Baronciani D, et al. Maternal Education Is Associated with Disparities in Breastfeeding at Time of Discharge but Not at Initiation of Enteral Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Pediatr. 2017;182:59-65.e7. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.046. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.046 | Main text | No | Other | education | perinatal | |||
| Hickson F, Davey C, Reid D, Weatherburn P, Bourne A. | 2017 | Mental health inequalities among gay and bisexual men in England, Scotland and Wales: a large community-based cross-sectional survey | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | ethnicity; age; geography; migrant status; education; living in London; | income; people in household | Open access | 8 | Journal of Public Health | 39 | 2 | 266–273 | Applied | Hickson F, Davey C, Reid D, Weatherburn P, Bourne A. Mental health inequalities among gay and bisexual men in England, Scotland and Wales: a large community-based cross-sectional survey. J Public Health (Oxf). 2017;39:266–73. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdw021. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdw021 | Main text | No | Other | ethnicity | income | ||
| Hillreiner A, Baumeister SE, Sedlmeier AM, Finger JD, Schlitt HJ, Leitzmann MF. | 2020 | Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | cardiorespiratory fitness | colorectal cancer | Non-open access | 19 | European Journal of Epidemiology | 35 | 10 | 961–973 | Applied | Hillreiner A, Baumeister SE, Sedlmeier AM, Finger JD, Schlitt HJ, Leitzmann MF. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;35:961–73. doi:10.1007/s10654-019-00575-6. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00575-6 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | physical activity | cancer | ||
| Hinkle SN, Sharma AJ, Kim SY, Schieve LA. | 2013 | Maternal prepregnancy weight status and associations with children's development and disabilities at kindergarten | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | maternal prepregnancy BMI | children’s development and disabilities | Open access | 10 | International Journal of Obesity | 37 | 10 | 1344–1351 | Applied | Hinkle SN, Sharma AJ, Kim SY, Schieve LA. Maternal prepregnancy weight status and associations with children's development and disabilities at kindergarten. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37:1344–51. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.128. | http://www.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.128 | Main text | No | DAGitty | body mass | disability | ||
| Hirst JE, Villar J, Victora CG, Papageorghiou AT, Finkton D, Barros FC, et al. | 2018 | The antepartum stillbirth syndrome: risk factors and pregnancy conditions identified from the INTERGROWTH-21st Project | Obstetrics & Gynecology | all other variables | stillbirth | Open access | 6 | BJOG | 125 | 9 | 1145–1153 | Applied | Hirst JE, Villar J, Victora CG, Papageorghiou AT, Finkton D, Barros FC, et al. The antepartum stillbirth syndrome: risk factors and pregnancy conditions identified from the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. BJOG. 2018;125:1145–53. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.14463. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14463 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | risk factors | birth | ||
| Hjorth S, Kirkegaard H, Olsen J, Thornton JG, Nohr EA. | 2019 | Mode of birth and long-term sexual health: a follow-up study of mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort | Multidisciplinary | mode of birth | sexual health in mid-life | Open access | 12 | BMJ Open | 9 | 11 | e029517 | Applied | Hjorth S, Kirkegaard H, Olsen J, Thornton JG, Nohr EA. Mode of birth and long-term sexual health: a follow-up study of mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e029517. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029517. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029517 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | birth | sexual health | ||
| Hwang YIJ, Arnold S, Srasuebkul P, Trollor J. | 2020 | Understanding anxiety in adults on the autism spectrum: An investigation of its relationship with intolerance of uncertainty, sensory sensitivities and repetitive behaviours | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | autism; intolerance of uncertainty; sensory sensitivities; | anxiety; repetitive behaviours; insistence on sameness | Non-open access | 4 | Autism | 24 | 2 | 411–422 | Applied | Hwang YIJ, Arnold S, Srasuebkul P, Trollor J. Understanding anxiety in adults on the autism spectrum: An investigation of its relationship with intolerance of uncertainty, sensory sensitivities and repetitive behaviours. Autism. 2020;24:411–22. doi:10.1177/1362361319868907. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319868907 | Main text | No | Other | autism | anxiety | ||
| Ilomäki J, Hajat A, Kauhanen J, Kurl S, Kaufman JS, Tuomainen T-P, Korhonen MJ. | 2012 | Relationship between alcohol consumption and myocardial infarction among ageing men using a marginal structural model | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | alcohol consumption over time | myocardial infarction | Open access | 5 | European Journal of Public Health | 22 | 6 | 825–830 | Applied | Ilomäki J, Hajat A, Kauhanen J, Kurl S, Kaufman JS, Tuomainen T-P, Korhonen MJ. Relationship between alcohol consumption and myocardial infarction among ageing men using a marginal structural model. European Journal of Public Health. 2012;22:825–30. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckr013. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckr013 | Supplementary | No | Other | alcohol | cardiovascular disease | ||
| J Carter D, Daniel R, Torrens AW, N Sanchez M, Maciel ELN, Bartholomay P, et al. | 2019 | The impact of a cash transfer programme on tuberculosis treatment success rate: a quasi-experimental study in Brazil | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | Bolsa Familia cash transfer programme | tuberculosis (TB) treatment success | Open access | 15 | BMJ Global Health | 4 | 1 | e001029 | Applied | J Carter D, Daniel R, Torrens AW, N Sanchez M, Maciel ELN, Bartholomay P, et al. The impact of a cash transfer programme on tuberculosis treatment success rate: a quasi-experimental study in Brazil. BMJ Global Health. 2019;4:e001029. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001029. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001029 | Main text | No | DAGitty | income | infection | ||
| Jaacks LM, Diao N, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Mazumdar M, Ibne Hasan MOS, et al. | 2019 | Association of prenatal pesticide exposures with adverse pregnancy outcomes and stunting in rural Bangladesh | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | prenatal pesticide exposures | low birth weight; stunting | Open access | 20 | Environment International | 133 | Pt B | 105243 | Applied | Jaacks LM, Diao N, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Mazumdar M, Ibne Hasan MOS, et al. Association of prenatal pesticide exposures with adverse pregnancy outcomes and stunting in rural Bangladesh. Environ Int. 2019;133:105243. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105243. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105243 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | body mass | ||
| Jackson C, Southern J, Lalvani A, Drobniewski F, Griffiths CJ, Lipman M, et al. | 2019 | Diabetes mellitus and latent tuberculosis infection: baseline analysis of a large UK cohort | Respiratory System | diabetes mellitus | latent tuberculosis infection | Open access | 17 | Thorax | 74 | 1 | 91–94 | Applied | Jackson C, Southern J, Lalvani A, Drobniewski F, Griffiths CJ, Lipman M, et al. Diabetes mellitus and latent tuberculosis infection: baseline analysis of a large UK cohort. Thorax. 2019;74:91–4. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211124. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211124 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diabetes | infection | ||
| Jämsä P, Jämsen E, Lyytikäinen L-P, Kalliovalkama J, Eskelinen A, Oksala N. | 2017 | Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in a cohort of 20,575 arthroplasty patients | Orthopedics & Sports Medicine | duration of operation | acute kidney injury | Open access | 19 | Acta Orthopaedica | 88 | 4 | 370–376 | Applied | Jämsä P, Jämsen E, Lyytikäinen L-P, Kalliovalkama J, Eskelinen A, Oksala N. Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in a cohort of 20,575 arthroplasty patients. Acta Orthop. 2017;88:370–6. doi:10.1080/17453674.2017.1301743. | http://www.doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2017.1301743 | Supplementary | No | Other | surgery | kidney dsease | ||
| Jenkins L, Chang W-J, Buscemi V, Cunningham C, Cashin A, McAuley JH, et al. | 2019 | Is there a causal relationship between acute stage sensorimotor cortex activity and the development of chronic low back pain? a protocol and statistical analysis plan | Multidisciplinary | sensorimotor cortex activity | chronic low back pain (LBP) | Open access | 15 | BMJ Open | 9 | 12 | e035792 | Applied | Jenkins L, Chang W-J, Buscemi V, Cunningham C, Cashin A, McAuley JH, et al. Is there a causal relationship between acute stage sensorimotor cortex activity and the development of chronic low back pain? a protocol and statistical analysis plan. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e035792. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035792. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035792 | Main text | No | DAGitty | nervous system | pain | ||
| Johnston MC, Black C, Mercer SW, Prescott GJ, Crilly MA. | 2019 | Impact of educational attainment on the association between social class at birth and multimorbidity in middle age in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study | Multidisciplinary | social class at birth | multimorbidity | Open access | 5 | BMJ Open | 9 | 1 | e024048 | Applied | Johnston MC, Black C, Mercer SW, Prescott GJ, Crilly MA. Impact of educational attainment on the association between social class at birth and multimorbidity in middle age in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024048. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024048. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024048 | Main text | No | Other | socioeconomic status | general health | ||
| Johri M, Subramanian SV, Koné GK, Dudeja S, Chandra D, Minoyan N, et al. | 2016 | Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India | Nutrition & Dietetics | maternal health literacy | child nutrition status | Open access | 24 | Journal of Nutrition | 146 | 7 | 1402–1410 | Applied | Johri M, Subramanian SV, Koné GK, Dudeja S, Chandra D, Minoyan N, et al. Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India. J Nutr. 2016;146:1402–10. doi:10.3945/jn.115.226290. | http://www.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.226290 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | education | diet | ||
| Jonker FAM, Calis JCJ, van Hensbroek MB, Phiri K, Geskus RB, Brabin BJ, Leenstra T. | 2012 | Iron status predicts malaria risk in Malawian preschool children | Multidisciplinary | iron deficiency | plasmodium falciparum (malaria) infection | Open access | 16 | PLOS ONE | 7 | 8 | e42670 | Applied | Jonker FAM, Calis JCJ, van Hensbroek MB, Phiri K, Geskus RB, Brabin BJ, Leenstra T. Iron status predicts malaria risk in Malawian preschool children. PLOS ONE. 2012;7:e42670. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042670. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042670 | Main text | No | Other | metabolic disorder | infection | ||
| Kalapatapu RK, Dannenbaum TP, Harbison JD, Cohen BE. | 2017 | Does trauma exposure predict prescription drug problems beyond the contribution of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression? An analysis of the Mind Your Heart cohort study | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | trauma exposure | prescription drug problems | Non-open access | 7 | Journal of Addictive Diseases | 36 | 3 | 183–192 | Applied | Kalapatapu RK, Dannenbaum TP, Harbison JD, Cohen BE. Does trauma exposure predict prescription drug problems beyond the contribution of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression? An analysis of the Mind Your Heart cohort study. J Addict Dis. 2017;36:183–92. doi:10.1080/10550887.2017.1314697. | http://www.doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2017.1314697 | Main text | No | DAGitty | stress | substance abuse | ||
| Kalapatapu RK, Ventura MI, Barnes DE. | 2017 | Lifetime alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | lifetime alcohol use | cognitive performance in older adults | Non-open access | 12 | Journal of Addictive Diseases | 36 | 1 | 38–47 | Applied | Kalapatapu RK, Ventura MI, Barnes DE. Lifetime alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults. J Addict Dis. 2017;36:38–47. doi:10.1080/10550887.2016.1245029. | http://www.doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2016.1245029 | Main text | No | DAGitty | alcohol | cognitive function | ||
| Kandola AA, Osborn DPJ, Stubbs B, Choi KW, Hayes JF. | 2020 | Individual and combined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with common mental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank | Multidisciplinary | physical fitness | common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) | Open access | 13 | BMC Medicine | 18 | 1 | 303 | Applied | Kandola AA, Osborn DPJ, Stubbs B, Choi KW, Hayes JF. Individual and combined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with common mental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. BMC Med. 2020;18:303. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01782-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01782-9 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | physical activity | mental illness | ||
| Karahalios A, Simpson JA, Baglietto L, MacInnis RJ, Hodge AM, Giles GG, English DR. | 2016 | Change in weight and waist circumference and risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study | Oncology & Cancer | waist circumference | colorectal cancer | Open access | 8 | BMC Cancer | 16 | 157 | Applied | Karahalios A, Simpson JA, Baglietto L, MacInnis RJ, Hodge AM, Giles GG, English DR. Change in weight and waist circumference and risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:157. doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2144-1. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2144-1 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | body mass | cancer | |||
| Karahalios A, Simpson JA, Baglietto L, MacInnis RJ, Hodge AM, Giles GG, English DR. | 2014 | Change in body size and mortality: results from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study | Multidisciplinary | waist circumference | death | Open access | 8 | PLOS ONE | 9 | 7 | e99672 | Applied | Karahalios A, Simpson JA, Baglietto L, MacInnis RJ, Hodge AM, Giles GG, English DR. Change in body size and mortality: results from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e99672. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099672. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099672 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | body mass | death | ||
| Kebede TG, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Meisel P, Dietrich T, Biffar R, et al. | 2017 | Association of Periodontal Destruction and Diabetes with Mortality | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | periodontitis | mortality | Non-open access | 15 | Journal of Dental Research | 96 | 1 | 56–63 | Applied | Kebede TG, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Meisel P, Dietrich T, Biffar R, et al. Association of Periodontal Destruction and Diabetes with Mortality. J Dent Res. 2017;96:56–63. doi:10.1177/0022034516668839. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/0022034516668839 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | dentistry | death | ||
| Kerschberger B, Hilderbrand K, Boulle AM, Coetzee D, Goemaere E, Azevedo V de, van Cutsem G. | 2012 | The effect of complete integration of HIV and TB services on time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a before-after study | Multidisciplinary | integration of HIV and TB services | time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy | Open access | 10 | PLOS ONE | 7 | 10 | e46988 | Applied | Kerschberger B, Hilderbrand K, Boulle AM, Coetzee D, Goemaere E, Azevedo V de, van Cutsem G. The effect of complete integration of HIV and TB services on time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a before-after study. PLOS ONE. 2012;7:e46988. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046988. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046988 | Supplementary | No | Other | service type | use of drug | ||
| Khalifa DS, Glavin K, Bjertness E, Lien L. | 2016 | Determinants of postnatal depression in Sudanese women at 3 months postpartum: a cross-sectional study | Multidisciplinary | all other variables | postnatal depression | Open access | 15 | BMJ Open | 6 | 3 | e009443 | Applied | Khalifa DS, Glavin K, Bjertness E, Lien L. Determinants of postnatal depression in Sudanese women at 3 months postpartum: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e009443. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009443. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009443 | Main text | No | DAGitty | risk factors | depression | ||
| Kharmats AY, Jones-Smith JC, Cheah YS, Budd N, Flamm L, Cuccia A, et al. | 2014 | Relation between the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program cycle and dietary quality in low-income African Americans in Baltimore, Maryland | Nutrition & Dietetics | change in amount of dollars available due to Time Since SNAP Distribtuion (TSSD) | dietary intake | Open access | 17 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 99 | 5 | 1006–1014 | Applied | Kharmats AY, Jones-Smith JC, Cheah YS, Budd N, Flamm L, Cuccia A, et al. Relation between the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program cycle and dietary quality in low-income African Americans in Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:1006–14. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.075994. | http://www.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.075994 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | income | diet | ||
| Kilk K, Ehne J, Stevenson JD, Kask G, Nieminen J, Wedin R, et al. | 2021 | Surgical treatment of skeletal metastases in proximal tibia: a multicenter case series of 74 patients | Orthopedics & Sports Medicine | surgical implant for proximal tibia pathological fracture | implant survival | Open access | 10 | Acta Orthopaedica | 92 | 3 | 352–357 | Applied | Kilk K, Ehne J, Stevenson JD, Kask G, Nieminen J, Wedin R, et al. Surgical treatment of skeletal metastases in proximal tibia: a multicenter case series of 74 patients. Acta Orthop. 2021;92:352–7. doi:10.1080/17453674.2020.1866242. | http://www.doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2020.1866242 | Main text | No | Other | surgical procedure | surgical outcome | ||
| Kim E-S, Kim C-Y. | 2021 | The association between continuity of care and surgery in lumbar disc herniation patients | Multidisciplinary | continuity of care | surgery for lumbar disc herniation | Open access | 9 | Scientific Reports | 11 | 1 | 5550 | Applied | Kim E-S, Kim C-Y. The association between continuity of care and surgery in lumbar disc herniation patients. Scientific Reports. 2021;11:5550. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85064-1. | http://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85064-1 | Main text | Yes | Other | continuity of care | surgical procedure | ||
| King T, Aitken Z, Milner A, Emerson E, Priest N, Karahalios A, et al. | 2018 | To what extent is the association between disability and mental health in adolescents mediated by bullying? A causal mediation analysis | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | disability | mental health | Open access | 4 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 47 | 5 | 1402–1413 | Applied | King T, Aitken Z, Milner A, Emerson E, Priest N, Karahalios A, et al. To what extent is the association between disability and mental health in adolescents mediated by bullying? A causal mediation analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;47:1402–13. doi:10.1093/ije/dyy154. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy154 | Main text | Yes | Other | disability | mental illness | mediation analysis; | |
| Konieczna J, Romaguera D, Pereira V, Fiol M, Razquin C, Estruch R, et al. | 2019 | Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial | Nutrition & Dietetics | change in dietary intake | changes in body weight and waist circumference | Open access | 13 | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity | 16 | 1 | 139 | Applied | Konieczna J, Romaguera D, Pereira V, Fiol M, Razquin C, Estruch R, et al. Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16:139. doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0893-3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0893-3 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diet | body mass | ||
| Kramer MS, Moodie EEM, Platt RW. | 2012 | Infant feeding and growth: can we answer the causal question? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | infant feeding | growth | Open access | 7 | Epidemiology | 23 | 6 | 790–794 | Instructional | Kramer MS, Moodie EEM, Platt RW. Infant feeding and growth: can we answer the causal question? Epidemiology. 2012;23:790–4. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31826cc0e9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31826cc0e9 | Main text | No | Other | perinatal | body mass | ||
| Kroenke CH, Neugebauer R, Meyerhardt J, Prado CM, Weltzien E, Kwan ML, et al. | 2016 | Analysis of Body Mass Index and Mortality in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Using Causal Diagrams | Oncology & Cancer | body mass index | colorectal cancer outcomes | Open access | 11 | JAMA Oncology | 2 | 9 | 1137–1145 | Applied | Kroenke CH, Neugebauer R, Meyerhardt J, Prado CM, Weltzien E, Kwan ML, et al. Analysis of Body Mass Index and Mortality in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Using Causal Diagrams. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1137–45. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0732. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0732 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | body mass | cancer | ||
| Kuipers J, Moffa G, Kuipers E, Freeman D, Bebbington P. | 2019 | Links between psychotic and neurotic symptoms in the general population: an analysis of longitudinal British National Survey data using Directed Acyclic Graphs | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | psychotic and neurotic symptoms | psychotic and neurotic symptoms | Open access | 22 | Psychological Medicine | 49 | 3 | 388–395 | Applied | Kuipers J, Moffa G, Kuipers E, Freeman D, Bebbington P. Links between psychotic and neurotic symptoms in the general population: an analysis of longitudinal British National Survey data using Directed Acyclic Graphs. Psychol Med. 2019;49:388–95. doi:10.1017/S0033291718000879. | http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718000879 | Main text | No | Other | psychosis | psychosis | ||
| Kusama T, Kiuchi S, Umehara N, Kondo K, Osaka K, Aida J. | 2021 | The deterioration of oral function and orofacial appearance mediated the relationship between tooth loss and depression among community-dwelling older adults: A JAGES cohort study using causal mediation analysis | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | tooth loss | depression | Non-open access | 5 | Journal of Affective Disorders | 286 | 174–179 | Applied | Kusama T, Kiuchi S, Umehara N, Kondo K, Osaka K, Aida J. The deterioration of oral function and orofacial appearance mediated the relationship between tooth loss and depression among community-dwelling older adults: A JAGES cohort study using causal mediation analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;286:174–9. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.071. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.071 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | dentistry | depression | mediation analysis; | ||
| Kverneng Hultberg D, Angenete E, Lydrup M-L, Rutegård J, Matthiessen P, Rutegård M. | 2017 | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer | Surgery & Transplantation | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) | anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer | Non-open access | 14 | European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 43 | 10 | 1908–1914 | Applied | Kverneng Hultberg D, Angenete E, Lydrup M-L, Rutegård J, Matthiessen P, Rutegård M. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43:1908–14. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2017.06.010. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2017.06.010 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | use of drug | cancer | ||
| La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Seggers J, Haadsma ML, Heineman MJ, Middelburg KJ, Roseboom TJ, et al. | 2014 | Is ovarian hyperstimulation associated with higher blood pressure in 4-year-old IVF offspring? Part II: an explorative causal inference approach | Obstetrics & Gynecology | ovarian hyperstimulation | higher blood pressure in 4-year-old IVF offspring | Open access | 21 | Human Reproduction | 29 | 3 | 510–517 | Applied | La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Seggers J, Haadsma ML, Heineman MJ, Middelburg KJ, Roseboom TJ, et al. Is ovarian hyperstimulation associated with higher blood pressure in 4-year-old IVF offspring? Part II: an explorative causal inference approach. Human Reproduction. 2014;29:510–7. doi:10.1093/humrep/det448. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det448 | Main text | No | Other | in vitro fertilisation | blood pressure | ||
| La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Stolk RP, Van Den Heuvel, Edwin R. | 2014 | Causal inference algorithms can be useful in life course epidemiology | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | gender; birth weight | waist; blood glucose | Non-open access | 8 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology | 67 | 2 | 190–198 | Instructional | La Bastide-Van Gemert S, Stolk RP, Van Den Heuvel, Edwin R., Fidler V. Causal inference algorithms can be useful in life course epidemiology. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2014;67:190–8. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.07.019. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.07.019 | Main text | No | Other | birth | body mass | ||
| Lai T-C, Chiang C-Y, Wu C-F, Yang S-L, Liu D-P, Chan C-C, Lin H-H. | 2016 | Ambient air pollution and risk of tuberculosis: a cohort study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | ambient air pollution | tuberculosis | Non-open access | 13 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 73 | 1 | 56–61 | Applied | Lai T-C, Chiang C-Y, Wu C-F, Yang S-L, Liu D-P, Chan C-C, Lin H-H. Ambient air pollution and risk of tuberculosis: a cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73:56–61. doi:10.1136/oemed-2015-102995. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-102995 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | air pollution | infection | ||
| Laine JE, Baltar VT, Stringhini S, Gandini M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Kivimaki M, et al. | 2020 | Reducing socio-economic inequalities in all-cause mortality: a counterfactual mediation approach | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | socioeconomic indicators | all-cause mortality | Open access | 5 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 49 | 2 | 497–510 | Applied | Laine JE, Baltar VT, Stringhini S, Gandini M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Kivimaki M, et al. Reducing socio-economic inequalities in all-cause mortality: a counterfactual mediation approach. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;49:497–510. doi:10.1093/ije/dyz248. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz248 | Main text | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | death | mediation analysis; | |
| Lajous M, Bijon A, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Balkau B, Clavel-Chapelon F, Hernán MA. | 2014 | Body mass index, diabetes, and mortality in French women: explaining away a "paradox" | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | body mass index | death | Open access | 6 | Epidemiology | 25 | 1 | 10–14 | Applied | Lajous M, Bijon A, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Balkau B, Clavel-Chapelon F, Hernán MA. Body mass index, diabetes, and mortality in French women: explaining away a "paradox". Epidemiology. 2014;25:10–4. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000031. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000031 | Main text | No | Other | body mass | death | ||
| Landfeldt E, Castelo-Branco A, Svedbom A, Löfroth E, Kavaliunas A, Hillert J. | 2018 | The long-term impact of early treatment of multiple sclerosis on the risk of disability pension | Neurology | early treatment of multiple sclerosis | disability pension | Open access | 7 | Journal of Neurology | 265 | 3 | 701–707 | Applied | Landfeldt E, Castelo-Branco A, Svedbom A, Löfroth E, Kavaliunas A, Hillert J. The long-term impact of early treatment of multiple sclerosis on the risk of disability pension. J Neurol. 2018;265:701–7. doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8764-4. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8764-4 | Main text | No | Other | multiple sclerosis | disability | ||
| Launay E, Gras-Le Guen C, Martinot A, Assathiany R, Martin E, Blanchais T, et al. | 2014 | Why children with severe bacterial infection die: a population-based study of determinants and consequences of suboptimal care with a special emphasis on methodological issues | Multidisciplinary | optimality of cares | death | Open access | 6 | PLOS ONE | 9 | 9 | e107286 | Applied | Launay E, Gras-Le Guen C, Martinot A, Assathiany R, Martin E, Blanchais T, et al. Why children with severe bacterial infection die: a population-based study of determinants and consequences of suboptimal care with a special emphasis on methodological issues. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e107286. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107286. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107286 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | quality of care | death | ||
| Lavikainen P, Helin-Salmivaara A, Eerola M, Fang G, Hartikainen J, Huupponen R, Korhonen MJ. | 2016 | Statin adherence and risk of acute cardiovascular events among women: a cohort study accounting for time-dependent confounding affected by previous adherence | Multidisciplinary | statin adherence | acute cardiovascular event | Open access | 7 | BMJ Open | 6 | 6 | e011306 | Applied | Lavikainen P, Helin-Salmivaara A, Eerola M, Fang G, Hartikainen J, Huupponen R, Korhonen MJ. Statin adherence and risk of acute cardiovascular events among women: a cohort study accounting for time-dependent confounding affected by previous adherence. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011306. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011306. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011306 | Main text | Yes | Other | drug adherence | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Lawlor D, Richmond R, Warrington N, McMahon G, Davey Smith G, Bowden J, Evans DM. | 2017 | Using Mendelian randomization to determine causal effects of maternal pregnancy (intrauterine) exposures on offspring outcomes: Sources of bias and methods for assessing them | Multidisciplinary | developmental origins (intrauterine); | offspring outcomes | Open access | 7 | Wellcome Open Research | 2 | 11 | Instructional | Lawlor D, Richmond R, Warrington N, McMahon G, Davey Smith G, Bowden J, Evans DM. Using Mendelian randomization to determine causal effects of maternal pregnancy (intrauterine) exposures on offspring outcomes: Sources of bias and methods for assessing them. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:11. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10567.1. | http://www.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10567.1 | Main text | No | Other | pregnancy | perinatal | |||
| Lazo-Porras M, Ruiz-Alejos A, Miranda JJ, Carrillo-Larco RM, Gilman RH, Smeeth L, Bernabé-Ortiz A. | 2020 | Intermediate hyperglycaemia and 10-year mortality in resource-constrained settings: the PERU MIGRANT Study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | glucose or HbA1c status | mortality | Open access | 14 | Diabetic Medicine | 37 | 9 | 1519–1527 | Applied | Lazo-Porras M, Ruiz-Alejos A, Miranda JJ, Carrillo-Larco RM, Gilman RH, Smeeth L, Bernabé-Ortiz A. Intermediate hyperglycaemia and 10-year mortality in resource-constrained settings: the PERU MIGRANT Study. Diabet Med. 2020;37:1519–27. doi:10.1111/dme.14298. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/dme.14298 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diabetes | death | ||
| Lenguerrand E, Beswick AD, Whitehouse MR, Wylde V, Blom AW. | 2018 | Outcomes following hip and knee replacement in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients and well versus poorly controlled diabetic patients: a prospective cohort study | Orthopedics & Sports Medicine | diabetes mellitus or HbA1c status | patient reported, clinical or complication outcomes following hip and knee replacement | Open access | 9 | Acta Orthopaedica | 89 | 4 | 399–405 | Applied | Lenguerrand E, Beswick AD, Whitehouse MR, Wylde V, Blom AW. Outcomes following hip and knee replacement in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients and well versus poorly controlled diabetic patients: a prospective cohort study. Acta Orthop. 2018;89:399–405. doi:10.1080/17453674.2018.1473327. | http://www.doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2018.1473327 | Main text | No | Other | diabetes | surgical outcome | ||
| Leslie HH, Karasek DA, Harris LF, Chang E, Abdulrahim N, Maloba M, Huchko MJ. | 2014 | Cervical cancer precursors and hormonal contraceptive use in HIV-positive women: application of a causal model and semi-parametric estimation methods | Multidisciplinary | contraception use | cervical pre-cancer | Open access | 17 | PLOS ONE | 9 | 6 | e101090 | Instructional | Leslie HH, Karasek DA, Harris LF, Chang E, Abdulrahim N, Maloba M, Huchko MJ. Cervical cancer precursors and hormonal contraceptive use in HIV-positive women: application of a causal model and semi-parametric estimation methods. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e101090. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101090. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101090 | Main text | No | Other | contraception | cancer | ||
| Lewis M, Kuerbis A. | 2016 | An Overview of Causal Directed Acyclic Graphs for Substance Abuse Researchers | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | marijuana | heroin | Open access | 6 | Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research | 5 | 1–8 | Instructional | Lewis M, Kuerbis A. An Overview of Causal Directed Acyclic Graphs for Substance Abuse Researchers. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research. 2016;5:1–8. doi:10.4303/jdar/235992. | http://www.doi.org/10.4303/jdar/235992 | Main text | No | DAGitty | substance abuse | substance abuse | |||
| Li L, Lagerberg T, Chang Z, Cortese S, Rosenqvist MA, Almqvist C, et al. | 2020 | Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a systematic review, meta-analysis and quasi-experimental family-based study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity | ADHD in offspring | Open access | 5 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 49 | 3 | 857–875 | Applied | Li L, Lagerberg T, Chang Z, Cortese S, Rosenqvist MA, Almqvist C, et al. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a systematic review, meta-analysis and quasi-experimental family-based study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;49:857–75. doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa040. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa040 | Main text | Yes | DAGitty | body mass | ADHD | ||
| Liang J, Zhang Z, Yang W, Dai M, Lin L, Chen Y, et al. | 2017 | Association between Cesarean Section and Weight Status in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A National Survey | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | delivery mode | overweight/obesity | Open access | 16 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 14 | 12 | Applied | Liang J, Zhang Z, Yang W, Dai M, Lin L, Chen Y, et al. Association between Cesarean Section and Weight Status in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A National Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017. doi:10.3390/ijerph14121609. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121609 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | body mass | |||
| Liao C, Speirs AL, Goldsmith S, Silber SJ. | 2020 | When "facts" are not facts: what does p value really mean, and how does it deceive us? | Obstetrics & Gynecology | frozen embryo transfer (FET) or spontaneous pregnancy | childhood cancer | Open access | 12 | Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics | 37 | 6 | 1303–1310 | Instructional | Liao C, Speirs AL, Goldsmith S, Silber SJ. When "facts" are not facts: what does p value really mean, and how does it deceive us? J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020;37:1303–10. doi:10.1007/s10815-020-01751-4. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-020-01751-4 | Main text | No | Other | in vitro fertilisation | cancer | ||
| Lima TFM, Maciel WM, Alencar MN de, Da Cruz JAS, Carvalho CA de, Da Silva AAM. | 2017 | Association between maternal depressive symptoms with child malnutrition or child excess weight | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | maternal depression | child malnutrition; child overweight | Open access | 12 | Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil | 17 | 3 | 591–601 | Applied | Lima TFM, Maciel WM, Alencar MN de, Da Cruz JAS, Carvalho CA de, Da Silva AAM. Association between maternal depressive symptoms with child malnutrition or child excess weight. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2017;17:591–601. doi:10.1590/1806-93042017000300010. | http://www.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042017000300010 | Main text | No | DAGitty | depression | body mass | ||
| Livingstone KM, Abbott G, Bowe SJ, Ward J, Milte C, McNaughton SA. | 2021 | Diet quality indices, genetic risk and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 77 004 UK Biobank participants | Multidisciplinary | diet quality | cardiovascular disease events; death | Open access | 10 | BMJ Open | 11 | 4 | e045362 | Applied | Livingstone KM, Abbott G, Bowe SJ, Ward J, Milte C, McNaughton SA. Diet quality indices, genetic risk and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 77 004 UK Biobank participants. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e045362. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045362. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045362 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diet | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Lønfeldt NN, Strandberg-Larsen K, Verhulst FC, Plessen KJ, Lebowitz ER. | 2020 | Birth with Synthetic Oxytocin and Risk of Childhood Emotional Disorders: A Danish Population-based Study | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | birth with synthetic oxytocin | childhood emotional disorder | Non-open access | 17 | Journal of Affective Disorders | 274 | 112–117 | Applied | Lønfeldt NN, Strandberg-Larsen K, Verhulst FC, Plessen KJ, Lebowitz ER. Birth with Synthetic Oxytocin and Risk of Childhood Emotional Disorders: A Danish Population-based Study. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:112–7. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.067. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.067 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | mental illness | |||
| Long DL, Howard G, Long DM, Judd S, Manly JJ, McClure LA, et al. | 2019 | An Investigation of Selection Bias in Estimating Racial Disparity in Stroke Risk Factors | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | race | stroke risk factor | Open access | 5 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 188 | 3 | 587–597 | Applied | Long DL, Howard G, Long DM, Judd S, Manly JJ, McClure LA, et al. An Investigation of Selection Bias in Estimating Racial Disparity in Stroke Risk Factors. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2019;188:587–97. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy253. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy253 | Main text | Yes | Other | ethnicity | risk factors | ||
| Lopez DJ, Lodge CJ, Bui DS, Waidyatillake NT, Su JC, Perret JL, et al. | 2021 | Association between ambient air pollution and development and persistence of atopic and non-atopic eczema in a cohort of adults | Immunology and Allergy | ambient air pollution | atopic or non-atopic eczema | Non-open access | 14 | Allergy | 76 | 8 | 2524–2534 | Applied | Lopez DJ, Lodge CJ, Bui DS, Waidyatillake NT, Su JC, Perret JL, et al. Association between ambient air pollution and development and persistence of atopic and non-atopic eczema in a cohort of adults. Allergy. 2021;76:2524–34. doi:10.1111/all.14783. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/all.14783 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | air pollution | allergy | ||
| Ludwig JO, Davies NM, Bor J, Neve J-W de. | 2021 | Causal effect of children's secondary education on parental health outcomes: findings from a natural experiment in Botswana | Multidisciplinary | children's secondary education | parental survival and disability | Open access | 5 | BMJ Open | 11 | 1 | e043247 | Applied | Ludwig JO, Davies NM, Bor J, Neve J-W de. Causal effect of children's secondary education on parental health outcomes: findings from a natural experiment in Botswana. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e043247. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043247. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043247 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | education | disability | ||
| Magadi MA, Magadi WA. | 2017 | HIV/AIDS and contraceptive use: factors associated with contraceptive use among sexually active HIV-positive women in Kenya | Obstetrics & Gynecology | HIV/AIDS-related factors | contraceptive use | Non-open access | 10 | Contraception | 95 | 3 | 312–321 | Applied | Magadi MA, Magadi WA. HIV/AIDS and contraceptive use: factors associated with contraceptive use among sexually active HIV-positive women in Kenya. Contraception. 2017;95:312–21. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.013. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.013 | Main text | No | DAGitty | HIV | contraception | ||
| Maher GM, O'Keeffe GW, Dalman C, Kearney PM, McCarthy FP, Kenny LC, Khashan AS. | 2020 | Association between preeclampsia and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based study | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | preeclampsia | autism spectrum disorder | Non-open access | 16 | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | 61 | 2 | 131–139 | Applied | Maher GM, O'Keeffe GW, Dalman C, Kearney PM, McCarthy FP, Kenny LC, Khashan AS. Association between preeclampsia and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;61:131–9. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13127. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13127 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | pregnancy | autism | ||
| Maika A, Mittinty MN, Brinkman S, Lynch J. | 2015 | Effect on child cognitive function of increasing household expenditure in Indonesia: application of a marginal structural model and simulation of a cash transfer programme | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | household per capita expenditure | child cognitive function | Open access | 7 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 44 | 1 | 218–228 | Applied | Maika A, Mittinty MN, Brinkman S, Lynch J. Effect on child cognitive function of increasing household expenditure in Indonesia: application of a marginal structural model and simulation of a cash transfer programme. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;44:218–28. doi:10.1093/ije/dyu264. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu264 | Main text | No | DAGitty | income | cognitive function | ||
| Mangurian C, Schillinger D, Newcomer JW, Vittinghoff E, Essock S, Zhu Z, et al. | 2018 | Diabetes Screening among Antipsychotic-Treated Adults with Severe Mental Illness in an Integrated Delivery System: A Retrospective Cohort Study | Multidisciplinary | all other variables | diabetes screening | Open access | 17 | Journal of General Internal Medicine | 33 | 1 | 79–86 | Applied | Mangurian C, Schillinger D, Newcomer JW, Vittinghoff E, Essock S, Zhu Z, et al. Diabetes Screening among Antipsychotic-Treated Adults with Severe Mental Illness in an Integrated Delivery System: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33:79–86. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4205-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4205-9 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | risk factors | diabetes | ||
| Maretty-Nielsen K, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Keller J, Safwat A, Baerentzen S, Pedersen AB. | 2014 | Relative mortality in soft tissue sarcoma patients: a Danish population-based cohort study | Oncology & Cancer | all other variables | mortality | Open access | 13 | BMC Cancer | 14 | 682 | Applied | Maretty-Nielsen K, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Keller J, Safwat A, Baerentzen S, Pedersen AB. Relative mortality in soft tissue sarcoma patients: a Danish population-based cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:682. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-682. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-682 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | death | |||
| Maretty-Nielsen K, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Safwat A, Jørgensen PH, Hansen BH, Baerentzen S, et al. | 2014 | Prognostic factors for local recurrence and mortality in adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk wall: a cohort study of 922 consecutive patients | Orthopedics & Sports Medicine | all other variables | soft tissue sarcoma recurrence; mortality | Open access | 14 | Acta Orthopaedica | 85 | 3 | 323–332 | Applied | Maretty-Nielsen K, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Safwat A, Jørgensen PH, Hansen BH, Baerentzen S, et al. Prognostic factors for local recurrence and mortality in adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk wall: a cohort study of 922 consecutive patients. Acta Orthop. 2014;85:323–32. doi:10.3109/17453674.2014.908341. | http://www.doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2014.908341 | Supplementary | No | Other | risk factors | cancer | ||
| Mars K, Wallert J, Held C, Humphries S, Pingel R, Jernberg T, et al. | 2021 | Association between β-blocker dose and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction: insights from the SWEDEHEART registry | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | beta-blocker dosage after myocardial infarction | post discharge time to reinfarction or death | Open access | 7 | European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care | 10 | 4 | 372–379 | Applied | Mars K, Wallert J, Held C, Humphries S, Pingel R, Jernberg T, et al. Association between β-blocker dose and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction: insights from the SWEDEHEART registry. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2021;10:372–9. doi:10.1093/ehjacc/zuaa002. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ehjacc/zuaa002 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | use of drug | death | ||
| Martin JY, Schiff MA, Weiss NS, Urban RR. | 2017 | Racial disparities in the utilization of preventive health services among older women with early-stage endometrial cancer enrolled in Medicare | Oncology & Cancer | race/ethnicity | use of preventive health service | Open access | 12 | Cancer Medicine | 6 | 9 | 2153–2163 | Applied | Martin JY, Schiff MA, Weiss NS, Urban RR. Racial disparities in the utilization of preventive health services among older women with early-stage endometrial cancer enrolled in Medicare. Cancer Med. 2017;6:2153–63. doi:10.1002/cam4.1141. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1141 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | ethnicity | health service utilisation | ||
| Martinell M, Pingel R, Hallqvist J, Dorkhan M, Groop L, Rosengren A, et al. | 2017 | Education, immigration and income as risk factors for hemoglobin A1c 70 mmol/mol when diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adult: a population-based cohort study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | education; immigration; income | HbA1c at type 2 diabetes diagnosis | Open access | 5 | BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care | 5 | 1 | e000346 | Applied | Martinell M, Pingel R, Hallqvist J, Dorkhan M, Groop L, Rosengren A, et al. Education, immigration and income as risk factors for hemoglobin A1c 70 mmol/mol when diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adult: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2017;5:e000346. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000346. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000346 | Main text | Yes | Other | education | diabetes | ||
| Matser A, Luu N, Geskus R, Heijman T, Heiligenberg M, van Veen M, van der Schim Loeff M. | 2013 | Higher Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in ethnic minorities does not always reflect higher sexual risk behaviour | Multidisciplinary | ethnicity | chlamydia diagnosis | Open access | 6 | PLOS ONE | 8 | 6 | e67287 | Applied | Matser A, Luu N, Geskus R, Heijman T, Heiligenberg M, van Veen M, van der Schim Loeff M. Higher Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in ethnic minorities does not always reflect higher sexual risk behaviour. PLOS ONE. 2013;8:e67287. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067287. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067287 | Main text | Yes | Other | ethnicity | infection | ||
| McAdam-Marx C, Bellows BK, Unni S, Mukherjee J, Wygant G, Iloeje U, et al. | 2014 | Determinants of glycaemic control in a practice setting: the role of weight loss and treatment adherence (The DELTA Study) | Health Care Sciences & Services | weight loss | adherence with glycaemic goal attainment | Open access | 12 | International Journal of Clinical Practice | 68 | 11 | 1309–1317 | Applied | McAdam-Marx C, Bellows BK, Unni S, Mukherjee J, Wygant G, Iloeje U, et al. Determinants of glycaemic control in a practice setting: the role of weight loss and treatment adherence (The DELTA Study). International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2014;68:1309–17. doi:10.1111/ijcp.12502. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12502 | Main text | No | Other | body mass | diabetes | ||
| McBain-Miller J, Scurrah KJ, Mathews JD. | 2020 | Assessing a recent South Korean cohort study of cancer risk following diagnostic radiation exposure at younger ages | Surgery & Transplantation | medical radiation exposure | cancer | Open access | 4 | Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery | 10 | 2 | 541–548 | Instructional | McBain-Miller J, Scurrah KJ, Mathews JD. Assessing a recent South Korean cohort study of cancer risk following diagnostic radiation exposure at younger ages. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2020;10:541–8. doi:10.21037/qims.2020.01.05. | http://www.doi.org/10.21037/qims.2020.01.05 | Main text | No | Other | radiation exposure | cancer | ||
| McDonald VM, Hiles SA, Godbout K, Harvey ES, Marks GB, Hew M, et al. | 2019 | Treatable traits can be identified in a severe asthma registry and predict future exacerbations | Respiratory System | all other variables | asthma exacerbations | Open access | 27 | Respirology | 24 | 1 | 37–47 | Applied | McDonald VM, Hiles SA, Godbout K, Harvey ES, Marks GB, Hew M, et al. Treatable traits can be identified in a severe asthma registry and predict future exacerbations. Respirology. 2019;24:37–47. doi:10.1111/resp.13389. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/resp.13389 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | asthma | ||
| McQuire C, Daniel R, Hurt L, Kemp A, Paranjothy S. | 2020 | The causal web of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review and causal diagram | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | prenatal smoking | foetal alcohol spectrum disorder classification | Open access | 34 | European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | 29 | 5 | 575–594 | Applied | McQuire C, Daniel R, Hurt L, Kemp A, Paranjothy S. The causal web of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review and causal diagram. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;29:575–94. doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1264-3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1264-3 | Main text | No | DAGitty | tobacco | brain damage | ||
| Mebrahtu TF, Feltbower RG, Parslow RC. | 2015 | Effects of birth weight and growth on childhood wheezing disorders: findings from the Born in Bradford Cohort | Multidisciplinary | birth weight; childhood growth | wheezing disorders | Open access | 15 | BMJ Open | 5 | 11 | e009553 | Applied | Mebrahtu TF, Feltbower RG, Parslow RC. Effects of birth weight and growth on childhood wheezing disorders: findings from the Born in Bradford Cohort. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e009553. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009553. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009553 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | body mass | respiratory | ||
| Medenwald D, Kors JA, Loppnow H, Thiery J, Kluttig A, Nuding S, et al. | 2014 | Inflammation and prolonged QT time: results from the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA) study | Multidisciplinary | inflammation | QT time | Open access | 10 | PLOS ONE | 9 | 4 | e95994 | Applied | Medenwald D, Kors JA, Loppnow H, Thiery J, Kluttig A, Nuding S, et al. Inflammation and prolonged QT time: results from the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA) study. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e95994. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095994. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095994 | Supplementary | No | Other | inflammation | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Medenwald D, Loppnow H, Kluttig A, Nuding S, Greiser KH, Thiery J, et al. | 2015 | Educational level and chronic inflammation in the elderly--the role of obesity: results from the population-based CARLA study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | social class | chronic inflammation in the elderly | Non-open access | 5 | Clinical Obesity | 5 | 5 | 256–265 | Applied | Medenwald D, Loppnow H, Kluttig A, Nuding S, Greiser KH, Thiery J, et al. Educational level and chronic inflammation in the elderly--the role of obesity: results from the population-based CARLA study. Clin Obes. 2015;5:256–65. doi:10.1111/cob.12107. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/cob.12107 | Main text | Yes | DAGitty | socioeconomic status | inflammation | ||
| Medenwald D, Tiller D, Nuding S, Greiser KH, Kluttig A, Frantz S, Haerting J. | 2016 | Educational status and differences in left ventricular mass and ejection fraction - The role of BMI and parameters related to the metabolic syndrome: A longitudinal analysis from the population-based CARLA cohort | Nutrition & Dietetics | social class | ventricular mass indexed on height (LVMI); ejection fraction using Teichholz’s formula (EFTZ) | Non-open access | 5 | Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases | 26 | 9 | 815–823 | Applied | Medenwald D, Tiller D, Nuding S, Greiser KH, Kluttig A, Frantz S, Haerting J. Educational status and differences in left ventricular mass and ejection fraction - The role of BMI and parameters related to the metabolic syndrome: A longitudinal analysis from the population-based CARLA cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26:815–23. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.05.001. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.05.001 | Main text | No | Other | socioeconomic status | metabolic disorder | ||
| Meisner J, Mooney SJ, Rabinowitz PM. | 2019 | The curse of dimensionality: Animal-related risk factors for pediatric diarrhea in western Kenya, and methods for dealing with a large number of predictors | Multidisciplinary | many variables | diarrhea | Open access | 23 | PLOS ONE | 14 | 4 | e0215982 | Instructional | Meisner J, Mooney SJ, Rabinowitz PM. The curse of dimensionality: Animal-related risk factors for pediatric diarrhea in western Kenya, and methods for dealing with a large number of predictors. PLOS ONE. 2019;14:e0215982. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215982. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215982 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | risk factors | infection | ||
| Messerlian C, Bellinger D, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Romano ME, Ford JB, Williams PL, et al. | 2017 | Paternal and maternal preconception urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and child behavior | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations | neurobehavior in children | Non-open access | 5 | Environmental Research | 158 | 720–728 | Applied | Messerlian C, Bellinger D, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Romano ME, Ford JB, Williams PL, et al. Paternal and maternal preconception urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and child behavior. Environ Res. 2017;158:720–8. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.032. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.032 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | cognitive function | |||
| Mitchell A, Fall T, Melhus H, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. | 2021 | Is the effect of Mediterranean diet on hip fracture mediated through type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | Mediterranean diet score | hip fracture | Open access | 5 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 50 | 1 | 234–244 | Applied | Mitchell A, Fall T, Melhus H, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. Is the effect of Mediterranean diet on hip fracture mediated through type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index? International Journal of Epidemiology. 2021;50:234–44. doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa239. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa239 | Main text | Yes | Other | diet | injury | ||
| Miyamura K, Nawa N, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. | 2021 | The Association of Passive Smoking and Dyslipidemia Among Adolescence in Japan: Results From A-CHILD Study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | passive smoking | dyslipidemia | Non-open access | 5 | Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | 106 | 7 | e2738-e2748 | Applied | Miyamura K, Nawa N, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. The Association of Passive Smoking and Dyslipidemia Among Adolescence in Japan: Results From A-CHILD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106:e2738-e2748. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab094. | http://www.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab094 | Main text | Yes | Other | tobacco | metabolic disorder | ||
| Moffa G, Catone G, Kuipers J, Kuipers E, Freeman D, Marwaha S, et al. | 2017 | Using Directed Acyclic Graphs in Epidemiological Research in Psychosis: An Analysis of the Role of Bullying in Psychosis | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | bullying | psychotic symptoms | Open access | 9 | Schizophrenia Bulletin | 43 | 6 | 1273–1279 | Instructional | Moffa G, Catone G, Kuipers J, Kuipers E, Freeman D, Marwaha S, et al. Using Directed Acyclic Graphs in Epidemiological Research in Psychosis: An Analysis of the Role of Bullying in Psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2017;43:1273–9. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx013. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx013 | Main text | No | Other | bullying | psychosis | ||
| Møller SV, Hannerz H, Hansen AM, Burr H, Holtermann A. | 2016 | Multi-wave cohort study of sedentary work and risk of ischemic heart disease | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | sedentary work | ischemic heart disease | Open access | 11 | Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health | 42 | 1 | 43–51 | Applied | Møller SV, Hannerz H, Hansen AM, Burr H, Holtermann A. Multi-wave cohort study of sedentary work and risk of ischemic heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42:43–51. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3540. | http://www.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3540 | Main text | No | Other | physical activity | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Muilwijk M, Ho F, Waddell H, Sillars A, Welsh P, Iliodromiti S, et al. | 2019 | Contribution of type 2 diabetes to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and cancer incidence in white Europeans and South Asians: findings from the UK Biobank population-based cohort study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | type 2 diabetes | all-cause mortality | Open access | 11 | BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care | 7 | 1 | e000765 | Applied | Muilwijk M, Ho F, Waddell H, Sillars A, Welsh P, Iliodromiti S, et al. Contribution of type 2 diabetes to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and cancer incidence in white Europeans and South Asians: findings from the UK Biobank population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2019;7:e000765. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000765. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000765 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diabetes | death | ||
| Mulick A, Walker J, Puntis S, Symeonides S, Gourley C, Burke K, et al. | 2019 | Is improvement in comorbid major depression associated with longer survival in people with cancer? A long-term follow-up of participants in the SMaRT Oncology-2 and 3 trials | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | depression severity | survival | Non-open access | 9 | Journal of Psychosomatic Research | 116 | 106–112 | Applied | Mulick A, Walker J, Puntis S, Symeonides S, Gourley C, Burke K, et al. Is improvement in comorbid major depression associated with longer survival in people with cancer? A long-term follow-up of participants in the SMaRT Oncology-2 and 3 trials. J Psychosom Res. 2019;116:106–12. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.008. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.008 | Main text | No | DAGitty | depression | death | |||
| Nasreen S, Wilk P, Mullowney T, Karp I. | 2021 | The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of asthma in offspring | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | gestational diabetes mellitus | asthma in offspring | Non-open access | 15 | Annals of Epidemiology | 57 | 7–13 | Applied | Nasreen S, Wilk P, Mullowney T, Karp I. The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of asthma in offspring. Ann Epidemiol. 2021;57:7–13. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.02.003. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.02.003 | Main text | No | DAGitty | diabetes | asthma | |||
| Neophytou AM, Costello S, Picciotto S, Brown DM, Attfield MD, Blair A, et al. | 2019 | Diesel Exhaust, Respirable Dust, and Ischemic Heart Disease: An Application of the Parametric g-formula | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | respirable elemental carbon exposure | ischemic heart disease | Non-open access | 6 | Epidemiology | 30 | 2 | 177–185 | Applied | Neophytou AM, Costello S, Picciotto S, Brown DM, Attfield MD, Blair A, et al. Diesel Exhaust, Respirable Dust, and Ischemic Heart Disease: An Application of the Parametric g-formula. Epidemiology. 2019;30:177–85. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000954. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000954 | Main text | No | Other | air pollution | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Neophytou AM, Picciotto S, Brown DM, Gallagher LE, Checkoway H, Eisen EA, Costello S. | 2018 | Estimating Counterfactual Risk Under Hypothetical Interventions in the Presence of Competing Events: Crystalline Silica Exposure and Mortality From 2 Causes of Death | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | silica exposure | cause-specific mortality | Open access | 8 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 187 | 9 | 1942–1950 | Applied | Neophytou AM, Picciotto S, Brown DM, Gallagher LE, Checkoway H, Eisen EA, Costello S. Estimating Counterfactual Risk Under Hypothetical Interventions in the Presence of Competing Events: Crystalline Silica Exposure and Mortality From 2 Causes of Death. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;187:1942–50. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy077. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy077 | Supplementary | No | Other | air pollution | death | ||
| Neugebauer R, Chandra M, Paredes A, J. | 2013 | A Marginal Structural Modeling Approach with Super Learning for a Study on Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy and Atrial Fibrillation | Multidisciplinary | Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy | Atrial Fibrillation | Open access | 5 | Journal of Causal Inference | 1 | 1 | 21–50 | Instructional | Neugebauer R, Chandra M, Paredes A, J. Graham D, McCloskey C, S. Go A. A Marginal Structural Modeling Approach with Super Learning for a Study on Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy and Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of Causal Inference. 2013;1:21–50. doi:10.1515/jci-2012-0003. | http://www.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2012-0003 | Main text | Yes | Other | use of drug | cardiovascular disease | ||
| Neugebauer R, Fireman B, Roy JA, O'Connor PJ, Selby JV. | 2012 | Dynamic marginal structural modeling to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of more or less aggressive treatment intensification strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy | more or less aggressive treatment intensification strategies | type 2 diabetes outcome | Open access | 5 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety | 21 Suppl 2 | 5 | 99–113 | Instructional | Neugebauer R, Fireman B, Roy JA, O'Connor PJ, Selby JV. Dynamic marginal structural modeling to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of more or less aggressive treatment intensification strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. 2012;21 Suppl 2:99–113. doi:10.1002/pds.3253. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3253 | Main text | Yes | Other | use of drug | diabetes | ||
| Neugebauer R, Fireman B, Roy JA, Raebel MA, Nichols GA, O'Connor PJ. | 2013 | Super learning to hedge against incorrect inference from arbitrary parametric assumptions in marginal structural modeling | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | type of treatment for type 2 diabetes | glomerular filtration rate (GFR) worsening within 1 year | Open access | 5 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology | 66 | 8 Suppl | S99-109 | Instructional | Neugebauer R, Fireman B, Roy JA, Raebel MA, Nichols GA, O'Connor PJ. Super learning to hedge against incorrect inference from arbitrary parametric assumptions in marginal structural modeling. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2013;66:S99-109. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.01.016. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.01.016 | Main text | Yes | Other | diabetes | kidney dsease | ||
| Ng WL, Orellana L, Shaw JE, Wong E, Peeters A. | 2017 | The relationship between weight change and daytime sleepiness: the Sleep Heart Health Study | Respiratory System | weight at 5 years | daytime sleepiness at 5 years | Non-open access | 17 | Sleep Medicine | 36 | 109–118 | Applied | Ng WL, Orellana L, Shaw JE, Wong E, Peeters A. The relationship between weight change and daytime sleepiness: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep Med. 2017;36:109–18. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.05.004. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.05.004 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | body mass | sleep | |||
| Ng WL, Peeters A, Näslund I, Ottosson J, Johansson K, Marcus C, et al. | 2017 | Change in Use of Sleep Medications After Gastric Bypass Surgery or Intensive Lifestyle Treatment in Adults with Obesity | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | bariatric surgery (bypass) | poor sleep | Open access | 27 | Obesity | 25 | 8 | 1451–1459 | Applied | Ng WL, Peeters A, Näslund I, Ottosson J, Johansson K, Marcus C, et al. Change in Use of Sleep Medications After Gastric Bypass Surgery or Intensive Lifestyle Treatment in Adults with Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017;25:1451–9. doi:10.1002/oby.21908. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21908 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | surgery | sleep | ||
| Ngueta G, Abdous B, Tardif R, St-Laurent J, Levallois P. | 2016 | Use of a Cumulative Exposure Index to Estimate the Impact of Tap Water Lead Concentration on Blood Lead Levels in 1- to 5-Year-Old Children (Montréal, Canada) | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | cumulative water lead (Pb) exposure index | blood lead level | Open access | 18 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 124 | 3 | 388–395 | Applied | Ngueta G, Abdous B, Tardif R, St-Laurent J, Levallois P. Use of a Cumulative Exposure Index to Estimate the Impact of Tap Water Lead Concentration on Blood Lead Levels in 1- to 5-Year-Old Children (Montréal, Canada). Environmental Health Perspectives. 2016;124:388–95. doi:10.1289/ehp.1409144. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409144 | Supplementary | No | Other | chemical exposure | toxicology | ||
| Nianogo RA, Wang MC, Wang A, Nobari TZ, Crespi CM, Whaley SE, Arah OA. | 2017 | Projecting the impact of hypothetical early life interventions on adiposity in children living in low-income households | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | breastfeeding duration; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; fruits and vegetables; watching TV; use of parks | child’s weight-for-height Z score | Non-open access | 4 | Pediatric Obesity | 12 | 5 | 398–405 | Applied | Nianogo RA, Wang MC, Wang A, Nobari TZ, Crespi CM, Whaley SE, Arah OA. Projecting the impact of hypothetical early life interventions on adiposity in children living in low-income households. Pediatric Obesity. 2017;12:398–405. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12157. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12157 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | diet | body mass | ||
| Norris T, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS, Murray DM, Kiely M, Hourihane JO, et al. | 2017 | Do changing levels of maternal exercise during pregnancy affect neonatal adiposity? Secondary analysis of the babies after SCOPE: evaluating the longitudinal impact using neurological and nutritional endpoints (BASELINE) birth cohort (Cork, Ireland) | Multidisciplinary | vigorous physical exercise | percent body fat | Open access | 15 | BMJ Open | 7 | 11 | e017987 | Applied | Norris T, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS, Murray DM, Kiely M, Hourihane JO, et al. Do changing levels of maternal exercise during pregnancy affect neonatal adiposity? Secondary analysis of the babies after SCOPE: evaluating the longitudinal impact using neurological and nutritional endpoints (BASELINE) birth cohort (Cork, Ireland). BMJ Open. 2017;7:e017987. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017987. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017987 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | physical activity | body mass | ||
| Nosyk B, Min JE, Colley G, Lima VD, Yip B, Milloy M-JS, et al. | 2015 | The causal effect of opioid substitution treatment on HAART medication refill adherence | Immunology and Allergy | opioid substitution treatment | HAART medication refill adherence | Open access | 10 | AIDS | 29 | 8 | 965–973 | Applied | Nosyk B, Min JE, Colley G, Lima VD, Yip B, Milloy M-JS, et al. The causal effect of opioid substitution treatment on HAART medication refill adherence. AIDS. 2015;29:965–73. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000642. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000642 | Main text | Yes | Other | substance abuse | drug adherence | ||
| Nourbakhsh B, Azevedo C, Nunan-Saah J, Maghzi A-H, Spain R, Pelletier D, Waubant E. | 2016 | Longitudinal associations between brain structural changes and fatigue in early MS | Neurology | atrophy of different brain structures | fatigue | Non-open access | 6 | Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders | 5 | 29–33 | Applied | Nourbakhsh B, Azevedo C, Nunan-Saah J, Maghzi A-H, Spain R, Pelletier D, Waubant E. Longitudinal associations between brain structural changes and fatigue in early MS. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;5:29–33. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2015.10.006. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2015.10.006 | Main text | No | DAGitty | multiple sclerosis | fatigue | |||
| Nowak RG, Gravitt PE, He X, Ketende S, Dauda W, Omuh H, et al. | 2016 | Prevalence of Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nigeria | Infectious Diseases | HIV | anal high-risk human papillomavirus infections | Open access | 8 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | 43 | 4 | 243–248 | Applied | Nowak RG, Gravitt PE, He X, Ketende S, Dauda W, Omuh H, et al. Prevalence of Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nigeria. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43:243–8. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000431. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000431 | Supplementary | No | Other | HIV | infection | ||
| Oates CJ, Kasza J, Simpson JA, Forbes AB. | 2017 | Repair of Partly Misspecified Causal Diagrams | Surgery & Transplantation | personal smoking | adult asthma | Non-open access | 11 | Annals of Surgery | 28 | 4 | 548–552 | Instructional | Oates CJ, Kasza J, Simpson JA, Forbes AB. Repair of Partly Misspecified Causal Diagrams. Annals of Surgery. 2017;28:548–52. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000659. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000659 | Main text | No | DAGitty | tobacco | asthma | ||
| Oddo VM, Mueller NT, Pollack KM, Surkan PJ, Bleich SN, Jones-Smith JC. | 2017 | Maternal employment and childhood overweight in low- and middle-income countries | Nutrition & Dietetics | maternal employment | childhood overweight | Open access | 17 | Public Health Nutrition | 20 | 14 | 2523–2536 | Applied | Oddo VM, Mueller NT, Pollack KM, Surkan PJ, Bleich SN, Jones-Smith JC. Maternal employment and childhood overweight in low- and middle-income countries. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20:2523–36. doi:10.1017/S1368980017001720. | http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001720 | Main text | No | DAGitty | employment | body mass | ||
| Oh J, Bennett DH, Calafat AM, Tancredi D, Roa DL, Schmidt RJ, et al. | 2021 | Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | autism spectrum disorder | Open access | 13 | Environment International | 147 | 106328 | Applied | Oh J, Bennett DH, Calafat AM, Tancredi D, Roa DL, Schmidt RJ, et al. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study. Environ Int. 2021;147:106328. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106328. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106328 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | autism | |||
| Olsen MH, Bøje CR, Kjær TK, Steding-Jessen M, Johansen C, Overgaard J, Dalton SO. | 2015 | Socioeconomic position and stage at diagnosis of head and neck cancer - a nationwide study from DAHANCA | Oncology & Cancer | socioeconomic position | stage at diagnosis of head and neck cancer | Open access | 8 | Acta Oncologica | 54 | 5 | 759–766 | Applied | Olsen MH, Bøje CR, Kjær TK, Steding-Jessen M, Johansen C, Overgaard J, Dalton SO. Socioeconomic position and stage at diagnosis of head and neck cancer - a nationwide study from DAHANCA. Acta Oncol. 2015;54:759–66. doi:10.3109/0284186X.2014.998279. | http://www.doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2014.998279 | Main text | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | cancer | ||
| Opdal IM, Larsen LS, Hopstock LA, Schirmer H, Lorem GF. | 2020 | A prospective study on the effect of self-reported health and leisure time physical activity on mortality among an ageing population: results from the Tromsø study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | self-reported health | self-reported health | Open access | 17 | BMC Public Health | 20 | 1 | 575 | Applied | Opdal IM, Larsen LS, Hopstock LA, Schirmer H, Lorem GF. A prospective study on the effect of self-reported health and leisure time physical activity on mortality among an ageing population: results from the Tromsø study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:575. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08681-x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08681-x | Main text | Yes | Other | general health | general health | ||
| Orban E, McDonald K, Sutcliffe R, Hoffmann B, Fuks KB, Dragano N, et al. | 2016 | Residential Road Traffic Noise and High Depressive Symptoms after Five Years of Follow-up: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | road traffic noise | depressive symptoms | Open access | 10 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 124 | 5 | 578–585 | Applied | Orban E, McDonald K, Sutcliffe R, Hoffmann B, Fuks KB, Dragano N, et al. Residential Road Traffic Noise and High Depressive Symptoms after Five Years of Follow-up: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2016;124:578–85. doi:10.1289/ehp.1409400. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409400 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | noise | depression | ||
| Oskoui M, Messerlian C, Blair A, Gamache P, Shevell M. | 2016 | Variation in cerebral palsy profile by socio-economic status | Neurology | maternal socio-economic status | cerebral palsy outcome | Open access | 5 | Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology | 58 | 2 | 160–166 | Applied | Oskoui M, Messerlian C, Blair A, Gamache P, Shevell M. Variation in cerebral palsy profile by socio-economic status. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58:160–6. doi:10.1111/dmcn.12808. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12808 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | cerebral palsy | ||
| Osler M, Prescott E, Wium-Andersen IK, Ibfelt EH, Jørgensen MB, Andersen PK, et al. | 2015 | The Impact of Comorbid Depression on Educational Inequality in Survival after Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Cohort of 83 062 Patients and a Matched Reference Population | Multidisciplinary | education | mortality | Open access | 8 | PLOS ONE | 10 | 10 | e0141598 | Applied | Osler M, Prescott E, Wium-Andersen IK, Ibfelt EH, Jørgensen MB, Andersen PK, et al. The Impact of Comorbid Depression on Educational Inequality in Survival after Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Cohort of 83 062 Patients and a Matched Reference Population. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0141598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141598. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141598 | Main text | No | Other | education | death | ||
| Park YJ, Ro YS, Shin SD, Song KJ, Lee SC, Kim YJ, et al. | 2016 | Age effects on case fatality rates of injury patients by mechanism | Emergency Medicine | age | fatality of injury patient | Non-open access | 8 | American Journal of Emergency Medicine | 34 | 3 | 515–520 | Applied | Park YJ, Ro YS, Shin SD, Song KJ, Lee SC, Kim YJ, et al. Age effects on case fatality rates of injury patients by mechanism. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34:515–20. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.024. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.024 | Main text | No | Other | age | death | ||
| Patel RM, Knezevic A, Shenvi N, Hinkes M, Keene S, Roback JD, et al. | 2016 | Association of Red Blood Cell Transfusion, Anemia, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants | Multidisciplinary | Red Blood Cell Transfusion | Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants | Open access | 9 | JAMA | 315 | 9 | 889–897 | Applied | Patel RM, Knezevic A, Shenvi N, Hinkes M, Keene S, Roback JD, et al. Association of Red Blood Cell Transfusion, Anemia, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants. JAMA. 2016;315:889–97. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1204. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.1204 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | blood transfusion | perinatal | ||
| Patten SB, Williams JV, Bulloch AG. | 2019 | Major depressive episodes and mortality in the Canadian household population | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | major depressive episode | mortality | Non-open access | 6 | Journal of Affective Disorders | 242 | 165–171 | Applied | Patten SB, Williams JV, Bulloch AG. Major depressive episodes and mortality in the Canadian household population. J Affect Disord. 2019;242:165–71. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.030. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.030 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | depression | death | |||
| Paulson EH, Gerberich SG, Alexander BH, Ryan A, Renier CM, Zhang X, et al. | 2006 | Fall-related injuries among agricultural household members: Regional Rural Injury Study II (RRIS-II) | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | all other variables | fall-related injury | Non-open access | 10 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 48 | 9 | 959–968 | Applied | Paulson EH, Gerberich SG, Alexander BH, Ryan A, Renier CM, Zhang X, et al. Fall-related injuries among agricultural household members: Regional Rural Injury Study II (RRIS-II). J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48:959–68. doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000225110.89501.a3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000225110.89501.a3 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | injury | ||
| Pearce A, Sawyer ACP, Chittleborough CR, Mittinty MN, Law C, Lynch JW. | 2016 | Do early life cognitive ability and self-regulation skills explain socio-economic inequalities in academic achievement? An effect decomposition analysis in UK and Australian cohorts | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | socio-economic disadvantage (SED) | academic achievement | Open access | 6 | Social Science & Medicine | 165 | 108–118 | Applied | Pearce A, Sawyer ACP, Chittleborough CR, Mittinty MN, Law C, Lynch JW. Do early life cognitive ability and self-regulation skills explain socio-economic inequalities in academic achievement? An effect decomposition analysis in UK and Australian cohorts. Soc Sci Med. 2016;165:108–18. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.016. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.016 | Main text | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | socioeconomic status | |||
| Pedersen JE, Strandberg-Larsen K, Andersson M, Hansen J. | 2021 | Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation and risk of subtypes of breast cancer in Danish women | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | occupational ultraviolet B radiation exposure | breast cancer | Open access | 23 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 78 | 4 | 286–292 | Applied | Pedersen JE, Strandberg-Larsen K, Andersson M, Hansen J. Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation and risk of subtypes of breast cancer in Danish women. Occup Environ Med. 2021;78:286–92. doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-107125. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-107125 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | radiation exposure | cancer | ||
| Pedersen JE, Strandberg-Larsen K, Andersson M, Hansen J. | 2020 | Occupational exposure to specific organic solvents and risk of subtypes of breast cancer in a large population of Danish women, 1964-2016 | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | occupational organic solvent exposure | breast cancer | Non-open access | 21 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | Applied | Pedersen JE, Strandberg-Larsen K, Andersson M, Hansen J. Occupational exposure to specific organic solvents and risk of subtypes of breast cancer in a large population of Danish women, 1964-2016. Occup Environ Med 2020. doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106865. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106865 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | cancer | |||||
| Petersen PB, Kehlet H, Jørgensen CC. | 2019 | Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke in Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty-A Clinical Registry Study of 24,862 Procedures | Surgery & Transplantation | all other variables | stroke | Non-open access | 6 | Journal of Arthroplasty | 34 | 4 | 743-749.e2 | Applied | Petersen PB, Kehlet H, Jørgensen CC. Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke in Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty-A Clinical Registry Study of 24,862 Procedures. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34:743-749.e2. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.022. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.022 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | stroke | ||
| Phillips A, Strobl R, Vogt S, Ladwig K-H, Thorand B, Grill E. | 2017 | Sarcopenia is associated with disability status-results from the KORA-Age study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | sarcopenia | disability | Non-open access | 21 | Osteoporosis International | 28 | 7 | 2069–2079 | Applied | Phillips A, Strobl R, Vogt S, Ladwig K-H, Thorand B, Grill E. Sarcopenia is associated with disability status-results from the KORA-Age study. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:2069–79. doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4027-y. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4027-y | Supplementary | No | Other | sarcopenia | disability | ||
| Pink C, Kocher T, Meisel P, Dörr M, Markus MRP, Jablonowski L, et al. | 2015 | Longitudinal effects of systemic inflammation markers on periodontitis | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | systemic inflammation | periodontitis | Non-open access | 11 | Journal of Clinical Periodontology | 42 | 11 | 988–997 | Applied | Pink C, Kocher T, Meisel P, Dörr M, Markus MRP, Jablonowski L, et al. Longitudinal effects of systemic inflammation markers on periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:988–97. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12473. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12473 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | inflammation | dentistry | ||
| Pitkänen J, Bijlsma MJ, Remes H, Aaltonen M, Martikainen P. | 2021 | The effect of low childhood income on self-harm in young adulthood: Mediation by adolescent mental health, behavioural factors and school performance | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | low childhood income | self harm | Open access | 4 | SSM - Population Health | 13 | 100756 | Applied | Pitkänen J, Bijlsma MJ, Remes H, Aaltonen M, Martikainen P. The effect of low childhood income on self-harm in young adulthood: Mediation by adolescent mental health, behavioural factors and school performance. SSM Popul Health. 2021;13:100756. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100756. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100756 | Main text | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | self-harm | mediation analysis; | ||
| Potter MDE, Walker MM, Hancock S, Holliday E, Brogan G, Jones M, et al. | 2018 | A Serological Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease Is Associated with Osteoporosis in Older Australian Adults | Nutrition & Dietetics | serological diagnosis of coeliac disease | bone mineral density; fracture | Open access | 11 | Nutrients | 10 | 7 | Applied | Potter MDE, Walker MM, Hancock S, Holliday E, Brogan G, Jones M, et al. A Serological Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease Is Associated with Osteoporosis in Older Australian Adults. Nutrients 2018. doi:10.3390/nu10070849. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070849 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | coeliac disease | osteoporosis | |||
| Pouwels KB, Vansteelandt S, Batra R, Edgeworth JD, Smieszek T, Robotham JV. | 2018 | Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacteraemia and ICU mortality and discharge: addressing time-varying confounding using appropriate methodology | Health Care Sciences & Services | intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacteraemia | ICU mortality | Non-open access | 7 | Journal of Hospital Infection | 99 | 1 | 42–47 | Applied | Pouwels KB, Vansteelandt S, Batra R, Edgeworth JD, Smieszek T, Robotham JV. Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacteraemia and ICU mortality and discharge: addressing time-varying confounding using appropriate methodology. J Hosp Infect. 2018;99:42–7. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.11.011. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.11.011 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | infection | death | ||
| Pradeilles R, Allen E, Gazdar H, Bux Mallah H, Budhani A, Mehmood R, et al. | 2019 | Maternal BMI mediates the impact of crop-related agricultural work during pregnancy on infant length in rural Pakistan: a mediation analysis of cross-sectional data | Obstetrics & Gynecology | women's work in agriculture (pre-pregnancy) | maternal body mass index; infant length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) | Open access | 12 | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | 19 | 1 | 504 | Applied | Pradeilles R, Allen E, Gazdar H, Bux Mallah H, Budhani A, Mehmood R, et al. Maternal BMI mediates the impact of crop-related agricultural work during pregnancy on infant length in rural Pakistan: a mediation analysis of cross-sectional data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:504. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2638-3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2638-3 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | employment | body mass | mediation analysis; | |
| Prado HV, Carneiro NCR, Perazzo MF, Abreu MHNG de, Martins CdC, Borges-Oliveira AC. | 2019 | Assessing a possible vulnerability to dental caries in individuals with rare genetic diseases that affect the skeletal development | Multidisciplinary | rare genetic disease that affects skeletal development | dental caries | Open access | 14 | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | 14 | 1 | 145 | Applied | Prado HV, Carneiro NCR, Perazzo MF, Abreu MHNG de, Martins CdC, Borges-Oliveira AC. Assessing a possible vulnerability to dental caries in individuals with rare genetic diseases that affect the skeletal development. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019;14:145. doi:10.1186/s13023-019-1114-5. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13023-019-1114-5 | Main text | No | Other | genetic disease | dentistry | ||
| Preston SH, Stokes A. | 2014 | Obesity paradox: conditioning on disease enhances biases in estimating the mortality risks of obesity | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | body mass index | mortality | Open access | 4 | Epidemiology | 25 | 3 | 454–461 | Instructional | Preston SH, Stokes A. Obesity paradox: conditioning on disease enhances biases in estimating the mortality risks of obesity. Epidemiology. 2014;25:454–61. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000075. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000075 | Main text | No | Other | body mass | death | ||
| Preußel K, Milde-Busch A, Schmich P, Wetzstein M, Stark K, Werber D. | 2015 | Risk Factors for Sporadic Non-Pregnancy Associated Listeriosis in Germany-Immunocompromised Patients and Frequently Consumed Ready-To-Eat Products | Multidisciplinary | consumption of food | listeriosis | Open access | 9 | PLOS ONE | 10 | 11 | e0142986 | Applied | Preußel K, Milde-Busch A, Schmich P, Wetzstein M, Stark K, Werber D. Risk Factors for Sporadic Non-Pregnancy Associated Listeriosis in Germany-Immunocompromised Patients and Frequently Consumed Ready-To-Eat Products. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0142986. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142986. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142986 | Main text | No | Other | diet | infection | ||
| Protudjer JLP, Lundholm C, Bergström A, Kull I, Almqvist C. | 2015 | The influence of childhood asthma on puberty and height in Swedish adolescents | Immunology and Allergy | asthma | pubertal staging; height | Non-open access | 7 | Pediatric Allergy and Immunology | 26 | 5 | 474–481 | Applied | Protudjer JLP, Lundholm C, Bergström A, Kull I, Almqvist C. The influence of childhood asthma on puberty and height in Swedish adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015;26:474–81. doi:10.1111/pai.12398. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/pai.12398 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | asthma | height | ||
| Pyko A, Eriksson C, Lind T, Mitkovskaya N, Wallas A, Ögren M, et al. | 2017 | Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise in Relation to Development of Obesity—a Cohort Study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | transportation noise | adiposity; diabetes | Open access | 22 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 125 | 11 | 117005 | Applied | Pyko A, Eriksson C, Lind T, Mitkovskaya N, Wallas A, Ögren M, et al. Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise in Relation to Development of Obesity—a Cohort Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2017;125:117005. doi:10.1289/EHP1910. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/EHP1910 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | noise | diabetes | ||
| Pyko A, Eriksson C, Oftedal B, Hilding A, Östenson C-G, Krog NH, et al. | 2015 | Exposure to traffic noise and markers of obesity | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | traffic noise | obesity | Non-open access | 22 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 72 | 8 | 594–601 | Applied | Pyko A, Eriksson C, Oftedal B, Hilding A, Östenson C-G, Krog NH, et al. Exposure to traffic noise and markers of obesity. Occup Environ Med. 2015;72:594–601. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102516. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102516 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | noise | body mass | ||
| Rachele JN, Giles-Corti B, Turrell G. | 2016 | Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: a cross-sectional multilevel study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | neighborhood disadvantage; education; occupation; household income | chronic disease | Non-open access | 7 | Annals of Epidemiology | 26 | 2 | 146–150 | Applied | Rachele JN, Giles-Corti B, Turrell G. Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: a cross-sectional multilevel study. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26:146–50. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.008. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.008 | Main text | No | Other | socioeconomic status | general health | ||
| Rafiq M, Hayward A, Warren-Gash C, Denaxas S, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Lyratzopoulos G, Thomas S. | 2020 | Allergic disease, corticosteroid use, and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: A United Kingdom nationwide case-control study | Immunology and Allergy | allergic disease; corticosteroid use | Hodgkin's lymphoma | Open access | 10 | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | 145 | 3 | 868–876 | Applied | Rafiq M, Hayward A, Warren-Gash C, Denaxas S, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Lyratzopoulos G, Thomas S. Allergic disease, corticosteroid use, and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: A United Kingdom nationwide case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145:868–76. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.033. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.033 | Main text | No | Other | allergy | cancer | ||
| Rajappan A, Pearce A, Inskip HM, Baird J, Crozier SR, Cooper C, et al. | 2017 | Maternal body mass index: Relation with infant respiratory symptoms and infections | Respiratory System | maternal body mass index | infant infection | Non-open access | 8 | Pediatric Pulmonology | 52 | 10 | 1291–1299 | Applied | Rajappan A, Pearce A, Inskip HM, Baird J, Crozier SR, Cooper C, et al. Maternal body mass index: Relation with infant respiratory symptoms and infections. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:1291–9. doi:10.1002/ppul.23779. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23779 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | body mass | infection | ||
| Ranapurwala SI, Naumann RB, Austin AE, Dasgupta N, Marshall SW. | 2019 | Methodologic limitations of prescription opioid safety research and recommendations for improving the evidence base | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy | prescription opioids | opioid use disorders | Non-open access | 14 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety | 28 | 1 | 4–12 | Instructional | Ranapurwala SI, Naumann RB, Austin AE, Dasgupta N, Marshall SW. Methodologic limitations of prescription opioid safety research and recommendations for improving the evidence base. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. 2019;28:4–12. doi:10.1002/pds.4564. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/pds.4564 | Main text | Yes | Other | substance abuse | substance abuse | ||
| Rancière F, Bougas N, Viola M, Momas I. | 2017 | Early Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Respiratory Symptoms at 4 Years of Age, and Potential Effect Modification by Parental Allergy, Stressful Family Events, and Sex: A Prospective Follow-up Study of the PARIS Birth Cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | traffic exposure during the first year | respiratory symptoms up to 4 years of age | Open access | 18 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 125 | 4 | 737–745 | Applied | Rancière F, Bougas N, Viola M, Momas I. Early Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Respiratory Symptoms at 4 Years of Age, and Potential Effect Modification by Parental Allergy, Stressful Family Events, and Sex: A Prospective Follow-up Study of the PARIS Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2017;125:737–45. doi:10.1289/EHP239. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/EHP239 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | air pollution | respiratory | ||
| Ranzani OT, Rodrigues LC, Bombarda S, Minto CM, Waldman EA, Carvalho CRR. | 2020 | Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality of patients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in São Paulo state, Brazil, 2010–15: a population-based, longitudinal study | Infectious Diseases | vulnerabilities (inmate, homelessness, alcohol and drug use, diabetes mellitus and mental disorder) | survival of newly-diagnosed tuberculosis patients | Open access | 13 | Lancet Infectious Diseases | 20 | 1 | 123–132 | Applied | Ranzani OT, Rodrigues LC, Bombarda S, Minto CM, Waldman EA, Carvalho CRR. Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality of patients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in São Paulo state, Brazil, 2010–15: a population-based, longitudinal study. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020;20:123–32. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30518-3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30518-3 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | risk factors | death | ||
| Rasmussen AS, Christiansen CF, Ulrichsen SP, Uldbjerg N, Nørgaard M. | 2020 | Non-obstetric abdominal surgery during pregnancy and birth outcomes: A Danish registry-based cohort study | Obstetrics & Gynecology | non-obstetric abdominal surgery during prepregnancy | small for gestational age; preterm birth | Open access | 19 | Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica | 99 | 4 | 469–476 | Applied | Rasmussen AS, Christiansen CF, Ulrichsen SP, Uldbjerg N, Nørgaard M. Non-obstetric abdominal surgery during pregnancy and birth outcomes: A Danish registry-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:469–76. doi:10.1111/aogs.13775. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13775 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | surgery | birth | ||
| Ratanawongsa N, Karter AJ, Parker MM, Lyles CR, Heisler M, Moffet HH, et al. | 2013 | Communication and medication refill adherence: the Diabetes Study of Northern California | Multidisciplinary | patient-provider communication | medication refill adherence | Open access | 12 | JAMA Internal Medicine | 173 | 3 | 210–218 | Applied | Ratanawongsa N, Karter AJ, Parker MM, Lyles CR, Heisler M, Moffet HH, et al. Communication and medication refill adherence: the Diabetes Study of Northern California. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:210–8. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1216. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1216 | Main text | No | Other | social factors | drug adherence | ||
| Rebelo F, Farias DR, Struchiner CJ, Kac G. | 2016 | Plasma adiponectin and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A prospective cohort study | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | plasma adiponectin | depressive symptoms | Non-open access | 21 | Journal of Affective Disorders | 194 | 171–179 | Applied | Rebelo F, Farias DR, Struchiner CJ, Kac G. Plasma adiponectin and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2016;194:171–9. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.012. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.012 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | hormones | depression | |||
| Rebelo F, Franco-Sena AB, Struchiner CJ, Kac G. | 2016 | Changes in Maternal Plasma Adiponectin from Late Pregnancy to the Postpartum Period According to the Mode of Delivery: Results from a Prospective Cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Multidisciplinary | mode of delivery | plasma adiponectin | Open access | 17 | PLOS ONE | 11 | 7 | e0158886 | Applied | Rebelo F, Franco-Sena AB, Struchiner CJ, Kac G. Changes in Maternal Plasma Adiponectin from Late Pregnancy to the Postpartum Period According to the Mode of Delivery: Results from a Prospective Cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLOS ONE. 2016;11:e0158886. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158886. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158886 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | birth | hormones | ||
| Recalde M, Davila-Batista V, Díaz Y, Leitzmann M, Romieu I, Freisling H, Duarte-Salles T. | 2021 | Body mass index and waist circumference in relation to the risk of 26 types of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 3.5 million adults in Spain | Multidisciplinary | body fatness | cancer | Open access | 19 | BMC Medicine | 19 | 1 | 10 | Applied | Recalde M, Davila-Batista V, Díaz Y, Leitzmann M, Romieu I, Freisling H, Duarte-Salles T. Body mass index and waist circumference in relation to the risk of 26 types of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 3.5 million adults in Spain. BMC Med. 2021;19:10. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01877-3. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01877-3 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | body mass | cancer | ||
| Rêgo AS, Alves MTSSdBE, Batista RFL, Ribeiro CCC, Bettiol H, Cardoso VC, et al. | 2016 | Physical activity in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | physical activity during pregnancy | adverse birth outcomes | Open access | 6 | Cadernos de Saude Publica | 32 | 11 | e00086915 | Applied | Rêgo AS, Alves MTSSdBE, Batista RFL, Ribeiro CCC, Bettiol H, Cardoso VC, et al. Physical activity in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Cad Saude Publica. 2016;32:e00086915. doi:10.1590/0102-311X00086915. | http://www.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00086915 | Main text | No | DAGitty | physical activity | perinatal | ||
| Rehfuess EA, Best N, Briggs DJ, Joffe M. | 2013 | Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS): elucidating inter-relationships between determinants of acute lower respiratory infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | all other variables | acute lower respiratory infections | Open access | 28 | Emerging Themes in Epidemiology | 10 | 1 | 13 | Instructional | Rehfuess EA, Best N, Briggs DJ, Joffe M. Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS): elucidating inter-relationships between determinants of acute lower respiratory infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. 2013;10:13. doi:10.1186/1742-7622-10-13. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-10-13 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | infection | ||
| Reiner AM, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Mandel J. | 2016 | Large Machinery-Related Agricultural Injuries Across a Five-State Region in the Midwest | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | all other variables | large machinery-related injury | Non-open access | 9 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 58 | 2 | 154–161 | Applied | Reiner AM, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Mandel J. Large Machinery-Related Agricultural Injuries Across a Five-State Region in the Midwest. J Occup Environ Med. 2016;58:154–61. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000584. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000584 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | injury | ||
| Ribeiro CCC, Da Silva MCB, Nunes AMM, Thomaz EBdAF, Carmo CDS, Ribeiro MRC, Da Silva AAM. | 2017 | Overweight, obese, underweight, and frequency of sugar consumption as risk indicators for early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | overweigth or obese; underweight | early childhood caries | Non-open access | 7 | International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry | 27 | 6 | 532–539 | Applied | Ribeiro CCC, Da Silva MCB, Nunes AMM, Thomaz EBdAF, Carmo CDS, Ribeiro MRC, Da Silva AAM. Overweight, obese, underweight, and frequency of sugar consumption as risk indicators for early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017;27:532–9. doi:10.1111/ipd.12292. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12292 | Main text | No | DAGitty | body mass | dentistry | ||
| Roesel K, Dohoo I, Baumann M, Dione M, Grace D, Clausen P-H. | 2017 | Prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal parasites in small-scale pig enterprises in Central and Eastern Uganda | Infectious Diseases | pig management factors | infection with gastrointestinal parasites | Open access | 6 | Parasitology Research | 116 | 1 | 335–345 | Applied | Roesel K, Dohoo I, Baumann M, Dione M, Grace D, Clausen P-H. Prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal parasites in small-scale pig enterprises in Central and Eastern Uganda. Parasitology Research. 2017;116:335–45. doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5296-7. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5296-7 | Main text | Yes | DAGitty | farming | infection | ||
| Röhrig N, Strobl R, Müller M, Perz S, Kääb S, Martens E, et al. | 2014 | Directed acyclic graphs helped to identify confounding in the association of disability and electrocardiographic findings: results from the KORA-Age study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | electrocardiographic findings | disability status | Non-open access | 19 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology | 67 | 2 | 199–206 | Applied | Röhrig N, Strobl R, Müller M, Perz S, Kääb S, Martens E, et al. Directed acyclic graphs helped to identify confounding in the association of disability and electrocardiographic findings: results from the KORA-Age study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2014;67:199–206. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.012. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.012 | Main text | No | DAGitty | emergency medicine | disability | ||
| Rozemeijer K, Le Cessie S, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Poole C, Cannegieter SC. | 2017 | Exposure Opportunity: The Advantages of Including Men in Analyses of Female-Related Risk Factors | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | oral contraceptive use | venous thrombosis | Open access | 4 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 185 | 10 | 965–973 | Instructional | Rozemeijer K, Le Cessie S, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Poole C, Cannegieter SC. Exposure Opportunity: The Advantages of Including Men in Analyses of Female-Related Risk Factors. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2017;185:965–73. doi:10.1093/aje/kww193. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww193 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | venous thrombosis | ||
| Rumball-Smith J, Blakely T, Sarfati D, Hider P. | 2013 | The mismeasurement of quality by readmission rate: how blunt is too blunt an instrument?: a quantitative bias analysis | Health Care Sciences & Services | ethnicity | rate of hospital readmission as proxy for hospital quality of care | Non-open access | 10 | Medical Care | 51 | 5 | 418–424 | Instructional | Rumball-Smith J, Blakely T, Sarfati D, Hider P. The mismeasurement of quality by readmission rate: how blunt is too blunt an instrument?: a quantitative bias analysis. Medical Care. 2013;51:418–24. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31828d1275. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e31828d1275 | Main text | Yes | Other | ethnicity | hospital readmission | ||
| Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Galassi C, Forastiere F, Brunetti L, La Grutta S, et al. | 2011 | Paracetamol and antibiotics in childhood and subsequent development of wheezing/asthma: association or causation? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | paracetamol and antibiotics use in the first year of life | wheezing phenotype | Open access | 6 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 40 | 3 | 662–667 | Applied | Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Galassi C, Forastiere F, Brunetti L, La Grutta S, et al. Paracetamol and antibiotics in childhood and subsequent development of wheezing/asthma: association or causation? International Journal of Epidemiology. 2011;40:662–7. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq263. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq263 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | respiratory | ||
| Salonsalmi A, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. | 2021 | Contributions of childhood adversities to chronic pain among mid-life employees | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | childhood adversities | chronic pain | Open access | 5 | Scandinavian Journal of Public Health | Applied | Salonsalmi A, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Contributions of childhood adversities to chronic pain among mid-life employees. Scand J Public Health. 2021:1403494820981509. doi:10.1177/1403494820981509. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/1403494820981509 | Main text | Yes | Other | childhood adversities | pain | |||||
| Salti L, Holtfreter B, Pink C, Habes M, Biffar R, Kiliaridis S, et al. | 2017 | Estimating effects of craniofacial morphology on gingival recession and clinical attachment loss | Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine | face morphology | gingival recession/periodontitis | Non-open access | 12 | Journal of Clinical Periodontology | 44 | 4 | 363–371 | Applied | Salti L, Holtfreter B, Pink C, Habes M, Biffar R, Kiliaridis S, et al. Estimating effects of craniofacial morphology on gingival recession and clinical attachment loss. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44:363–71. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12661. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12661 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | face morphology | dentistry | ||
| Samson ME, Adams SA, Orekoya O, Hebert JR. | 2016 | Understanding the Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Breast Cancer Among African American and European American Populations in South Carolina | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | diabetes | breast cancer stage | Non-open access | 6 | Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities | 3 | 3 | 546–554 | Applied | Samson ME, Adams SA, Orekoya O, Hebert JR. Understanding the Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Breast Cancer Among African American and European American Populations in South Carolina. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2016;3:546–54. doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0173-0. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-015-0173-0 | Main text | No | DAGitty | diabetes | cancer | ||
| Sanni Ali M, Groenwold RHH, Pestman WR, Belitser SV, Hoes AW, Boer A de, Klungel OH. | 2013 | Time-dependent propensity score and collider-stratification bias: an example of beta2-agonist use and the risk of coronary heart disease | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | inhaled short- and long-acting beta2-agonist | coronary heart disease | Non-open access | 6 | European Journal of Epidemiology | 28 | 4 | 291–299 | Instructional | Sanni Ali M, Groenwold RHH, Pestman WR, Belitser SV, Hoes AW, Boer A de, Klungel OH. Time-dependent propensity score and collider-stratification bias: an example of beta2-agonist use and the risk of coronary heart disease. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;28:291–9. doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9766-2. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9766-2 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | cardiovascular disease | collider bias; | |
| Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Araya R, Di Rienzo VD, Almeida OP, Gunnell D, Lawlor DA. | 2008 | Risk factors across the life course and dementia in a Brazilian population: results from the Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH) | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | early life socioeconomic position | dementia | Open access | 7 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 37 | 4 | 879–890 | Applied | Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Araya R, Di Rienzo VD, Almeida OP, Gunnell D, Lawlor DA. Risk factors across the life course and dementia in a Brazilian population: results from the Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH). International Journal of Epidemiology. 2008;37:879–90. doi:10.1093/ije/dyn125. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn125 | Main text | Yes | Other | socioeconomic status | dementia | ||
| Schwahn C, Polzer I, Haring R, Dörr M, Wallaschofski H, Kocher T, et al. | 2013 | Missing, unreplaced teeth and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | number of missing, unreplaced teeth | mortality | Non-open access | 16 | International Journal of Cardiology | 167 | 4 | 1430–1437 | Applied | Schwahn C, Polzer I, Haring R, Dörr M, Wallaschofski H, Kocher T, et al. Missing, unreplaced teeth and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:1430–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.061. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.061 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | dentistry | death | ||
| Seward N, Prost A, Copas A, Corbin M, Li L, Colbourn T, et al. | 2015 | Using Observational Data to Estimate the Effect of Hand Washing and Clean Delivery Kit Use by Birth Attendants on Maternal Deaths after Home Deliveries in Rural Bangladesh, India and Nepal | Multidisciplinary | handwashing; clean delivery kit | post-partum maternal mortality | Open access | 7 | PLOS ONE | 10 | 8 | e0136152 | Applied | Seward N, Prost A, Copas A, Corbin M, Li L, Colbourn T, et al. Using Observational Data to Estimate the Effect of Hand Washing and Clean Delivery Kit Use by Birth Attendants on Maternal Deaths after Home Deliveries in Rural Bangladesh, India and Nepal. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0136152. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136152. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136152 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | hygiene | death | ||
| Shakya PR, Melaku YA, Page A, Gill TK. | 2020 | Association between dietary patterns and adult depression symptoms based on principal component analysis, reduced-rank regression and partial least-squares | Nutrition & Dietetics | dietary pattern | depression | Non-open access | 6 | Clinical Nutrition | 39 | 9 | 2811–2823 | Applied | Shakya PR, Melaku YA, Page A, Gill TK. Association between dietary patterns and adult depression symptoms based on principal component analysis, reduced-rank regression and partial least-squares. Clin Nutr. 2020;39:2811–23. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.011. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.011 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | diet | depression | ||
| Shaw C, Hales S, Edwards R, Howden-Chapman P, Stanley J. | 2018 | What can fuel price increases tell us about the air pollution health co-benefits of a carbon price? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | fuel price | transport-related air pollution | Non-open access | 7 | Journal of Transport & Health | 8 | 81–90 | Applied | Shaw C, Hales S, Edwards R, Howden-Chapman P, Stanley J. What can fuel price increases tell us about the air pollution health co-benefits of a carbon price? Journal of Transport & Health. 2018;8:81–90. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2017.11.002. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.11.002 | Supplementary | No | Other | price | air pollution | |||
| Sheikh MA, Abelsen B, Olsen JA. | 2014 | Role of respondents' education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | childhood socio-economic status (SES) | health and wellbeing | Open access | 6 | BMC Public Health | 14 | 1172 | Applied | Sheikh MA, Abelsen B, Olsen JA. Role of respondents' education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1172. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1172. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1172 | Main text | No | DAGitty | socioeconomic status | general health | |||
| Shields M, Dimov S, King TL, Milner A, Kavanagh A, Spittal MJ, Disney G. | 2020 | Does disability modify the relationship between labour force status and psychological distress among young people? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | labour force status; disability | psychological distress | Non-open access | 5 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | Applied | Shields M, Dimov S, King TL, Milner A, Kavanagh A, Spittal MJ, Disney G. Does disability modify the relationship between labour force status and psychological distress among young people? Occup Environ Med 2020. doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-107149. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-107149 | Main text | Yes | Other | disability | stress | |||||
| Shoaff J, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Ye X, Chen A, Lanphear BP, et al. | 2017 | Early-Life Phthalate Exposure and Adiposity at 8 Years of Age | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | phthalate exposure | adiposity at age 8 | Open access | 13 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 125 | 9 | 097008 | Applied | Shoaff J, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Ye X, Chen A, Lanphear BP, et al. Early-Life Phthalate Exposure and Adiposity at 8 Years of Age. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2017;125:97008. doi:10.1289/EHP1022. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/EHP1022 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | chemical exposure | body mass | ||
| Slob EMA, Brew BK, Vijverberg SJH, Dijs T, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Koppelman GH, et al. | 2021 | Early-life antibiotic use and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: results of a discordant twin study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | early-life antibiotic use | attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder | Open access | 9 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 50 | 2 | 475–484 | Applied | Slob EMA, Brew BK, Vijverberg SJH, Dijs T, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Koppelman GH, et al. Early-life antibiotic use and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: results of a discordant twin study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2021;50:475–84. doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa168. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa168 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | use of drug | ADHD | ||
| Sluijs I, Beulens JWJ, van der A DL, Spijkerman AMW, Schulze MB, van der Schouw YT. | 2013 | Plasma uric acid is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes independent of diet and metabolic risk factors | Nutrition & Dietetics | plasma uric acid | type 2 diabetes | Open access | 10 | Journal of Nutrition | 143 | 1 | 80–85 | Applied | Sluijs I, Beulens JWJ, van der A DL, Spijkerman AMW, Schulze MB, van der Schouw YT. Plasma uric acid is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes independent of diet and metabolic risk factors. J Nutr. 2013;143:80–5. doi:10.3945/jn.112.167221. | http://www.doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.167221 | Supplementary | No | Other | metabolic disorder | diabetes | ||
| Smallwood MJ, Ble A, Melzer D, Winyard PG, Benjamin N, Shore AC, Gilchrist M. | 2017 | Relationship Between Urinary Nitrate Excretion and Blood Pressure in the InChianti Cohort | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | urinary nitrate excretion | blood pressure | Open access | 20 | American Journal of Hypertension | 30 | 7 | 707–712 | Applied | Smallwood MJ, Ble A, Melzer D, Winyard PG, Benjamin N, Shore AC, Gilchrist M. Relationship Between Urinary Nitrate Excretion and Blood Pressure in the InChianti Cohort. Am J Hypertens. 2017;30:707–12. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpx035. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpx035 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | urine test result | blood pressure | ||
| Sol CM, Santos S, Asimakopoulos AG, Martinez-Moral M-P, Duijts L, Kannan K, et al. | 2020 | Associations of maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure in a population-based prospective cohort study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | fetal exposure to phthalates or bisphenols | childhood blood pressure | Open access | 10 | Environment International | 138 | 105677 | Applied | Sol CM, Santos S, Asimakopoulos AG, Martinez-Moral M-P, Duijts L, Kannan K, et al. Associations of maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure in a population-based prospective cohort study. Environ Int. 2020;138:105677. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105677. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105677 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | chemical exposure | blood pressure | |||
| Solmi F, Hayes JF, Lewis G, Kirkbride JB. | 2017 | Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | cat ownership in pregnancy | psychotic experiences at age 13 or 18 years | Open access | 16 | Psychological Medicine | 47 | 9 | 1659–1667 | Applied | Solmi F, Hayes JF, Lewis G, Kirkbride JB. Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort. Psychol Med. 2017;47:1659–67. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000125. | http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000125 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | pregnancy | psychosis | ||
| Spry E, Moreno-Betancur M, Becker D, Romaniuk H, Carlin JB, Molyneaux E, et al. | 2020 | Maternal mental health and infant emotional reactivity: a 20-year two-cohort study of preconception and perinatal exposures | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | maternal preconception mental disorder | infant emotional reactivity | Non-open access | 6 | Psychological Medicine | 50 | 5 | 827–837 | Applied | Spry E, Moreno-Betancur M, Becker D, Romaniuk H, Carlin JB, Molyneaux E, et al. Maternal mental health and infant emotional reactivity: a 20-year two-cohort study of preconception and perinatal exposures. Psychol Med. 2020;50:827–37. doi:10.1017/S0033291719000709. | http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719000709 | Main text | No | Other | mental illness | perinatal | ||
| Ssewanyana D, Sebena R, Petkeviciene J, Lukács A, Miovsky M, Stock C. | 2015 | Condom use in the context of romantic relationships: A study among university students from 12 universities in four Central and Eastern European countries | Obstetrics & Gynecology | relationship status of student | use of a condom during sex in previous 30 days | Non-open access | 11 | European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care | 20 | 5 | 350–360 | Applied | Ssewanyana D, Sebena R, Petkeviciene J, Lukács A, Miovsky M, Stock C. Condom use in the context of romantic relationships: A study among university students from 12 universities in four Central and Eastern European countries. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2015;20:350–60. doi:10.3109/13625187.2014.1001024. | http://www.doi.org/10.3109/13625187.2014.1001024 | Main text | No | DAGitty | interpersonal relationships | contraception | ||
| Staplin N, Herrington WG, Judge PK, Reith CA, Haynes R, Landray MJ, et al. | 2017 | Use of Causal Diagrams to Inform the Design and Interpretation of Observational Studies: An Example from the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) | Urology & Nephrology | smoking status | end-stage renal disease | Open access | 9 | Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology | 12 | 3 | 546–552 | Instructional | Staplin N, Herrington WG, Judge PK, Reith CA, Haynes R, Landray MJ, et al. Use of Causal Diagrams to Inform the Design and Interpretation of Observational Studies: An Example from the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP). Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12:546–52. doi:10.2215/CJN.02430316. | http://www.doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02430316 | Main text | Yes | Other | tobacco | kidney dsease | ||
| Starling AP, Shapiro ALB, Sauder KA, Kaar JL, Ringham BM, Glueck DH, et al. | 2017 | Blood pressure during pregnancy, neonatal size and altered body composition: the Healthy Start study | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | maternal arterial blood pressure | offspring small for gestational age birth weight | Non-open access | 9 | Journal of Perinatology | 37 | 5 | 502–506 | Applied | Starling AP, Shapiro ALB, Sauder KA, Kaar JL, Ringham BM, Glueck DH, et al. Blood pressure during pregnancy, neonatal size and altered body composition: the Healthy Start study. J Perinatol. 2017;37:502–6. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.261. | http://www.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.261 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | blood pressure | body mass | ||
| Stevens A, Hamel C, Singh K, Ansari MT, Myers E, Ziegler P, et al. | 2014 | Do sugar-sweetened beverages cause adverse health outcomes in children? A systematic review protocol | Multidisciplinary | sugar-sweetened beverages | overweight or obesity; prediabetes or diabetes; fracture; academic achievement | Open access | 41 | Systematic Reviews | 3 | 1 | 96 | Applied | Stevens A, Hamel C, Singh K, Ansari MT, Myers E, Ziegler P, et al. Do sugar-sweetened beverages cause adverse health outcomes in children? A systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews. 2014;3:96. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-96. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-3-96 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diet | body mass | ||
| Stovitz SD, Shrier I. | 2019 | Causal inference for clinicians | Multidisciplinary | all other variables | mortality | Non-open access | 4 | BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine | 24 | 3 | 109–112 | Instructional | Stovitz SD, Shrier I. Causal inference for clinicians. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2019;24:109–12. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111069. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111069 | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | death | ||
| Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Oken E, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Charles M-A, et al. | 2016 | Fish Intake in Pregnancy and Child Growth: A Pooled Analysis of 15 European and US Birth Cohorts | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | fish intake in pregnancy | child adiposity | Open access | 18 | JAMA Pediatrics | 170 | 4 | 381–390 | Applied | Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Oken E, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Charles M-A, et al. Fish Intake in Pregnancy and Child Growth: A Pooled Analysis of 15 European and US Birth Cohorts. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170:381–90. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4430. | http://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4430 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diet | body mass | ||
| Strutz KL, Richardson LJ, Hussey JM. | 2014 | Selected preconception health indicators and birth weight disparities in a national study | Obstetrics & Gynecology | race/ethnicity; preconception health indicators; prenatal factors | birth weight | Open access | 4 | Women's Health Issues | 24 | 1 | e89-97 | Applied | Strutz KL, Richardson LJ, Hussey JM. Selected preconception health indicators and birth weight disparities in a national study. Womens Health Issues. 2014;24:e89-97. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2013.10.001. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.10.001 | Main text | Yes | Other | ethnicity | body mass | ||
| Sunden-Cullberg J, Nilsson A, Inghammar M. | 2020 | Sex-based differences in ED management of critically ill patients with sepsis: a nationwide cohort study | Critical Care Medicine | sex, as observed by healthcare staff | mortality | Open access | 7 | Intensive Care Medicine | 46 | 4 | 727–736 | Applied | Sunden-Cullberg J, Nilsson A, Inghammar M. Sex-based differences in ED management of critically ill patients with sepsis: a nationwide cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:727–36. doi:10.1007/s00134-019-05910-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05910-9 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | sex | death | ||
| Sunol R, Wagner C, Arah OA, Kristensen S, Pfaff H, Klazinga N, et al. | 2015 | Implementation of Departmental Quality Strategies Is Positively Associated with Clinical Practice: Results of a Multicenter Study in 73 Hospitals in 7 European Countries | Multidisciplinary | departmental quality strategies | clinical practice indicators | Open access | 10 | PLOS ONE | 10 | 11 | e0141157 | Applied | Sunol R, Wagner C, Arah OA, Kristensen S, Pfaff H, Klazinga N, et al. Implementation of Departmental Quality Strategies Is Positively Associated with Clinical Practice: Results of a Multicenter Study in 73 Hospitals in 7 European Countries. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0141157. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141157. | http://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141157 | Main text | No | Other | quality improvement | clinical practice indicators | ||
| Swain CTV, Nguyen NH, Eagles T, Vallance JK, Boyle T, Lahart IM, Lynch BM. | 2020 | Postdiagnosis sedentary behavior and health outcomes in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Oncology & Cancer | postdiagnosis sedentary behavior | mortality; patient-reported outcomes; anthropometry | Open access | 15 | Cancer | 126 | 4 | 861–869 | Applied | Swain CTV, Nguyen NH, Eagles T, Vallance JK, Boyle T, Lahart IM, Lynch BM. Postdiagnosis sedentary behavior and health outcomes in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer. 2020;126:861–9. doi:10.1002/cncr.32578. | http://www.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32578 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | physical activity | death | ||
| Talbot D, Rossi AM, Bacon SL, Atherton J, Lefebvre G. | 2018 | A graphical perspective of marginal structural models: An application for the estimation of the effect of physical activity on blood pressure | Statistics and Research Methodology | physical activity | blood pressure | Non-open access | 7 | Statistical Methods in Medical Research | 27 | 8 | 2428–2436 | Instructional | Talbot D, Rossi AM, Bacon SL, Atherton J, Lefebvre G. A graphical perspective of marginal structural models: An application for the estimation of the effect of physical activity on blood pressure. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2018;27:2428–36. doi:10.1177/0962280216680834. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216680834 | Main text | No | Other | physical activity | blood pressure | ||
| Tamura N, Hanaoka T, Ito K, Araki A, Miyashita C, Ito S, et al. | 2021 | Mediating Factors Between Parental Socioeconomic Status and Small for Gestational Age in Infants: Results from the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | parental socioeconomic characteristics | small for gestational age | Non-open access | 10 | Maternal and Child Health Journal | 25 | 4 | 645–655 | Applied | Tamura N, Hanaoka T, Ito K, Araki A, Miyashita C, Ito S, et al. Mediating Factors Between Parental Socioeconomic Status and Small for Gestational Age in Infants: Results from the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. Matern Child Health J. 2021;25:645–55. doi:10.1007/s10995-020-03035-w. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-03035-w | Main text | No | Other | socioeconomic status | birth | ||
| Tedla YG, Bautista LE. | 2016 | Drug Side Effect Symptoms and Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication | Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine | drug side effects | antihypertensive drug adherence | Open access | 17 | American Journal of Hypertension | 29 | 6 | 772–779 | Applied | Tedla YG, Bautista LE. Drug Side Effect Symptoms and Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication. Am J Hypertens. 2016;29:772–9. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv185. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpv185 | Main text | No | DAGitty | drug side effects | drug adherence | ||
| Tetta C, Rocca M, Salone M, Longhi A, Ferrari C, Londero F, et al. | 2021 | Predictors of lung recurrence and disease-specific mortality after pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcoma | Oncology & Cancer | all other variables | lung metastasis recurrence; lung metastasis-specific mortality | Non-open access | 28 | Surgical Oncology | 37 | 101532 | Applied | Tetta C, Rocca M, Salone M, Longhi A, Ferrari C, Londero F, et al. Predictors of lung recurrence and disease-specific mortality after pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcoma. Surg Oncol. 2021;37:101532. doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101532. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101532 | Main text | No | DAGitty | risk factors | cancer | |||
| Traeger AC, Hübscher M, Henschke N, Williams CM, Maher CG, Moseley GL, et al. | 2016 | Emotional distress drives health services overuse in patients with acute low back pain: a longitudinal observational study | Orthopedics & Sports Medicine | emotional distress | health service over-utilization | Non-open access | 12 | European Spine Journal | 25 | 9 | 2767–2773 | Applied | Traeger AC, Hübscher M, Henschke N, Williams CM, Maher CG, Moseley GL, et al. Emotional distress drives health services overuse in patients with acute low back pain: a longitudinal observational study. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:2767–73. doi:10.1007/s00586-016-4461-0. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4461-0 | Supplementary | Yes | DAGitty | stress | health service utilisation | ||
| Trudeau K, Rousseau M-C, Barul C, Csizmadi I, Parent M-É. | 2020 | Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Montreal, Canada | Nutrition & Dietetics | dietary pattern | prostate cancer | Open access | 13 | Nutrients | 12 | 7 | Applied | Trudeau K, Rousseau M-C, Barul C, Csizmadi I, Parent M-É. Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Montreal, Canada. Nutrients 2020. doi:10.3390/nu12071907. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071907 | Main text | No | DAGitty | diet | cancer | |||
| Upson K, Sathyanarayana S, Roos AJ de, Thompson ML, Scholes D, Dills R, Holt VL. | 2013 | Phthalates and risk of endometriosis | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | urinary phthalate metabolites | endometriosis | Non-open access | 11 | Environmental Research | 126 | 91–97 | Applied | Upson K, Sathyanarayana S, Roos AJ de, Thompson ML, Scholes D, Dills R, Holt VL. Phthalates and risk of endometriosis. Environ Res. 2013;126:91–7. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2013.07.003. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.07.003 | Supplementary | No | Other | chemical exposure | endometriosis | |||
| Valvi D, Casas M, Romaguera D, Monfort N, Ventura R, Martinez D, et al. | 2015 | Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Childhood Growth and Blood Pressure: Evidence from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell Birth Cohort Study | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | prenatal phthalate exposure | childhood growth and blood pressure | Open access | 14 | Environmental Health Perspectives | 123 | 10 | 1022–1029 | Applied | Valvi D, Casas M, Romaguera D, Monfort N, Ventura R, Martinez D, et al. Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Childhood Growth and Blood Pressure: Evidence from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell Birth Cohort Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2015;123:1022–9. doi:10.1289/ehp.1408887. | http://www.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408887 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | blood pressure | ||
| van der Hoek-Snieders HEM, Boymans M, Sorgdrager B, Dreschler WA. | 2020 | Factors influencing the need for recovery in employees with hearing loss: a cross-sectional study of health administrative data | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | all other variables | need for recovery | Open access | 15 | International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | 93 | 8 | 1023–1035 | Applied | van der Hoek-Snieders HEM, Boymans M, Sorgdrager B, Dreschler WA. Factors influencing the need for recovery in employees with hearing loss: a cross-sectional study of health administrative data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020;93:1023–35. doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01556-z. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01556-z | Main text | No | Other | risk factors | hearing | ||
| Vernet C, Johnson M, Kogut K, Hyland C, Deardorff J, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. | 2021 | Organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood and onset of juvenile delinquency by age 16 years: The CHAMACOS cohort | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | maternal prenatal or child exposure to organophosphate pesticides | juvenile delinquency | Non-open access | 15 | Environmental Research | 197 | 111055 | Applied | Vernet C, Johnson M, Kogut K, Hyland C, Deardorff J, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood and onset of juvenile delinquency by age 16 years: The CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Res. 2021;197:111055. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111055. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111055 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | chemical exposure | crime | |||
| Vogt H, Bråbäck L, Kling A-M, Grünewald M, Nilsson L. | 2014 | Pertussis immunization in infancy and adolescent asthma medication | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health | pertussis immunization in infancy | adolescent asthma medication prescription | Non-open access | 7 | Pediatrics | 134 | 4 | 721–728 | Applied | Vogt H, Bråbäck L, Kling A-M, Grünewald M, Nilsson L. Pertussis immunization in infancy and adolescent asthma medication. Pediatrics. 2014;134:721–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0723. | http://www.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0723 | Main text | Yes | Other | vaccination | asthma | ||
| Waernbaum I, Dahlquist G, Lind T. | 2019 | Perinatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes revisited: a population-based register study | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | all other variables | type 1 diabetes | Open access | 6 | Diabetologia | 62 | 7 | 1173–1184 | Applied | Waernbaum I, Dahlquist G, Lind T. Perinatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes revisited: a population-based register study. Diabetologia. 2019;62:1173–84. doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4874-5. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4874-5 | Main text | Yes | Other | risk factors | diabetes | ||
| Wang L, Bautista LE. | 2015 | Serum bilirubin and the risk of hypertension | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | serum bilirubin | hypertension | Open access | 19 | International Journal of Epidemiology | 44 | 1 | 142–152 | Applied | Wang L, Bautista LE. Serum bilirubin and the risk of hypertension. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;44:142–52. doi:10.1093/ije/dyu242. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu242 | Main text | No | DAGitty | metabolic disorder | blood pressure | ||
| Wang Y, Meng T, Ruan G, Zheng S, Zhu J, Cen H, et al. | 2021 | Associations of blood pressure and arterial stiffness with knee cartilage volume in patients with knee osteoarthritis | Rheumatology | blood pressure; arterial stiffness | knee cartilage volume | Non-open access | 3 | Rheumatology | Applied | Wang Y, Meng T, Ruan G, Zheng S, Zhu J, Cen H, et al. Associations of blood pressure and arterial stiffness with knee cartilage volume in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab092. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab092 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | blood pressure | osteoarthritis | |||||
| Warensjö Lemming E, Byberg L, Höijer J, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K. | 2021 | Combinations of dietary calcium intake and mediterranean-style diet on risk of hip fracture: A longitudinal cohort study of 82,000 women and men | Nutrition & Dietetics | dietary calcium intake; mediterranean-style diet | hip fracture | Open access | 25 | Clinical Nutrition | 40 | 6 | 4161–4170 | Applied | Warensjö Lemming E, Byberg L, Höijer J, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K. Combinations of dietary calcium intake and mediterranean-style diet on risk of hip fracture: A longitudinal cohort study of 82,000 women and men. Clin Nutr. 2021;40:4161–70. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.043. | http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.043 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | diet | injury | ||
| Watson JA, Leopold SJ, Simpson JA, Day NP, Dondorp AM, White NJ. | 2019 | Collider bias and the apparent protective effect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on cerebral malaria | Multidisciplinary | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | cerebral malaria | Open access | 4 | eLife | 8 | Instructional | Watson JA, Leopold SJ, Simpson JA, Day NP, Dondorp AM, White NJ. Collider bias and the apparent protective effect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on cerebral malaria. Elife 2019. doi:10.7554/eLife.43154. | http://www.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43154 | Main text | No | Other | metabolic disorder | infection | ||||
| Wei C, Cheung DH, Yan H, Li J, Shi L, Raymond HF. | 2016 | The Impact of Homophobia and HIV Stigma on HIV Testing Uptake Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: a Mediation Analysis | Immunology and Allergy | homophobia; HIV stigma | HIV testing | Open access | 3 | Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes | 71 | 1 | 87–93 | Applied | Wei C, Cheung DH, Yan H, Li J, Shi L, Raymond HF. The Impact of Homophobia and HIV Stigma on HIV Testing Uptake Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: a Mediation Analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;71:87–93. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000000815. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000815 | Main text | No | Other | HIV | screening | mediation analysis; | |
| Weisskopf MG, Kioumourtzoglou M-A, Roberts AL. | 2015 | Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Causal or Confounded? | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | air pollution | autism spectrum disorders | Open access | 8 | Current Environmental Health Reports | 2 | 4 | 430–439 | Instructional | Weisskopf MG, Kioumourtzoglou M-A, Roberts AL. Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Causal or Confounded? Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015;2:430–9. doi:10.1007/s40572-015-0073-9. | http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-015-0073-9 | Main text | No | Other | air pollution | autism | ||
| Weyde KV, Krog NH, Oftedal B, Evandt J, Magnus P, Øverland S, et al. | 2017 | Nocturnal Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Children's Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | road traffic noise | sleep duration | Open access | 13 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 14 | 5 | Applied | Weyde KV, Krog NH, Oftedal B, Evandt J, Magnus P, Øverland S, et al. Nocturnal Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Children's Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017. doi:10.3390/ijerph14050491. | http://www.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050491 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | noise | sleep | |||
| Weyde KV, Krog NH, Oftedal B, Magnus P, Øverland S, Stansfeld S, et al. | 2017 | Road traffic noise and children's inattention | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | road traffic noise | children’s inattention | Open access | 15 | Environmental Health | 16 | 1 | 127 | Applied | Weyde KV, Krog NH, Oftedal B, Magnus P, Øverland S, Stansfeld S, et al. Road traffic noise and children's inattention. Environ Health. 2017;16:127. doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0337-y. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0337-y | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | noise | ADHD | ||
| Williams A, Lee H, Kamper SJ, O'Brien KM, Wiggers J, Wolfenden L, et al. | 2019 | Causal mechanisms of a healthy lifestyle intervention for patients with musculoskeletal pain who are overweight or obese | Rehabilitation | healthy lifestyle intervention | pain intensity/disability/QoL – physical/QoL – mental | Non-open access | 4 | Clinical Rehabilitation | 33 | 6 | 1088–1097 | Applied | Williams A, Lee H, Kamper SJ, O'Brien KM, Wiggers J, Wolfenden L, et al. Causal mechanisms of a healthy lifestyle intervention for patients with musculoskeletal pain who are overweight or obese. Clin Rehabil. 2019;33:1088–97. doi:10.1177/0269215519831419. | http://www.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519831419 | Main text | Yes | Other | lifestyle intervention | pain | ||
| Williams PL, Hazra R, van Dyke RB, Yildirim C, Crain MJ, Seage GR, et al. | 2016 | Antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected infants and children using a trigger-based design | Immunology and Allergy | antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy | adverse event | Open access | 6 | AIDS | 30 | 1 | 133–144 | Applied | Williams PL, Hazra R, van Dyke RB, Yildirim C, Crain MJ, Seage GR, et al. Antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected infants and children using a trigger-based design. AIDS. 2016;30:133–44. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000916. | http://www.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000916 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | pregnancy | adverse event | ||
| Williamson EJ, Aitken Z, Lawrie J, Dharmage SC, Burgess JA, Forbes AB. | 2014 | Introduction to causal diagrams for confounder selection | Respiratory System | personal smoking | adult asthma | Open access | 9 | Respirology | 19 | 3 | 303–311 | Instructional | Williamson EJ, Aitken Z, Lawrie J, Dharmage SC, Burgess JA, Forbes AB. Introduction to causal diagrams for confounder selection. Respirology. 2014;19:303–11. doi:10.1111/resp.12238. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/resp.12238 | Main text | No | DAGitty | tobacco | asthma | ||
| Wilson AR, Hashibe M, Bodson J, Gren LH, Taylor BA, Greenwood J, et al. | 2016 | Factors related to HPV vaccine uptake and 3-dose completion among women in a low vaccination region of the USA: an observational study | Obstetrics & Gynecology | all other variables | vaccine uptake | Open access | 23 | BMC Women's Health | 16 | 41 | Applied | Wilson AR, Hashibe M, Bodson J, Gren LH, Taylor BA, Greenwood J, et al. Factors related to HPV vaccine uptake and 3-dose completion among women in a low vaccination region of the USA: an observational study. BMC Womens Health. 2016;16:41. doi:10.1186/s12905-016-0323-5. | http://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0323-5 | Main text | No | DAGitty | risk factors | vaccination | |||
| Xiao C, Grandjean P, Valvi D, Nielsen F, Jensen TK, Weihe P, Oulhote Y. | 2020 | Associations of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances With Thyroid Hormone Concentrations and Birth Size | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism | perfluoroalkyl substance exposure; thyroid hormone concentrations | birth size | Non-open access | 12 | Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | 105 | 3 | Applied | Xiao C, Grandjean P, Valvi D, Nielsen F, Jensen TK, Weihe P, Oulhote Y. Associations of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances With Thyroid Hormone Concentrations and Birth Size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz147. | http://www.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz147 | Supplementary | No | Other | chemical exposure | body mass | |||
| Yang M, Chen H, Johnson ML, Essien EJ, Peters RJ, Wu I-H, Abughosh SM. | 2015 | Comparison of Diabetes Risk Following Smoking Cessation Treatment Using Varenicline Versus Bupropion Among Obese Smokers | Psychiatry, Mental Health & Substance Abuse | smoking cessation | type 2 diabetes | Non-open access | 7 | Substance Use & Misuse | 50 | 13 | 1628–1637 | Applied | Yang M, Chen H, Johnson ML, Essien EJ, Peters RJ, Wu I-H, Abughosh SM. Comparison of Diabetes Risk Following Smoking Cessation Treatment Using Varenicline Versus Bupropion Among Obese Smokers. Substance Use & Misuse. 2015;50:1628–37. doi:10.3109/10826084.2015.1023457. | http://www.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1023457 | Main text | No | DAGitty | tobacco | diabetes | ||
| Yoon D, Lee J-H, Lee H, Shin J-Y. | 2021 | Association between human papillomavirus vaccination and serious adverse events in South Korean adolescent girls: nationwide cohort study | Multidisciplinary | human papillomavirus vaccination | serious adverse events | Open access | 12 | BMJ | 372 | m4931 | Applied | Yoon D, Lee J-H, Lee H, Shin J-Y. Association between human papillomavirus vaccination and serious adverse events in South Korean adolescent girls: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2021;372:m4931. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4931. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4931 | Supplementary | No | DAGitty | vaccination | drug side effects | |||
| Zhang H, García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S. | 2008 | Antibiotic use and the risk of lung cancer | Oncology & Cancer | use of antibiotics | lung cancer; cancer diagnosis | Open access | 5 | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | 17 | 6 | 1308–1315 | Applied | Zhang H, García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S. Antibiotic use and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17:1308–15. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2817. | http://www.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2817 | Main text | No | Other | use of drug | cancer | ||
| Zhang X, Mumford SL, Cnattingius S, Schisterman EF, Kramer MS. | 2010 | Reduced birthweight in short or primiparous mothers: physiological or pathological? | Obstetrics & Gynecology | short or primiparous mothers | perinatal mortality | Non-open access | 3 | BJOG | 117 | 10 | 1248–1254 | Applied | Zhang X, Mumford SL, Cnattingius S, Schisterman EF, Kramer MS. Reduced birthweight in short or primiparous mothers: physiological or pathological? BJOG. 2010;117:1248–54. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02642.x. | http://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02642.x | Main text | Yes | Other | pregnancy | death | ||
| Zhong Q-Y, Gelaye B, VanderWeele TJ, Sanchez SE, Williams MA. | 2018 | Causal Model of the Association of Social Support With Antepartum Depression: A Marginal Structural Modeling Approach | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health | low social support | antepartum depression | Open access | 5 | American Journal of Epidemiology | 187 | 9 | 1871–1879 | Applied | Zhong Q-Y, Gelaye B, VanderWeele TJ, Sanchez SE, Williams MA. Causal Model of the Association of Social Support With Antepartum Depression: A Marginal Structural Modeling Approach. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;187:1871–9. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy067. | http://www.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy067 | Main text | Yes | Other | social factors | depression | ||
| Zhou Y, Bui DS, Perret JL, Lowe AJ, Lodge CJ, Markevych I, et al. | 2021 | Greenness may improve lung health in low-moderate but not high air pollution areas: Seven Northeastern Cities' study | Respiratory System | school greenness | lung function | Non-open access | 7 | Thorax | Applied | Zhou Y, Bui DS, Perret JL, Lowe AJ, Lodge CJ, Markevych I, et al. Greenness may improve lung health in low-moderate but not high air pollution areas: Seven Northeastern Cities' study. Thorax 2021. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214767. | http://www.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214767 | Supplementary | Yes | Other | greenness of environment | respiratory |
1 139 articles are included in the review article: Tennant PWG, Murray EJ, Arnold KF, et al. Use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to identify confounders in applied health research: review and recommendations. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2021;50(2):620-632. doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa213 
2 Instructional articles are included if they have a good example causal diagram, but most are applied research articles